ASR - Atmospheric System Research

0-9

2D-MAX-DOAS: two-dimensional multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy
2D-S: (stereo) optical array spectrometer
2DC: two-dimensional cloud
2DVD: two-dimensional video disdrometer
3DVAR: three-dimensional variational data assimilation
4DDA: four-dimensional data assimilation
4STAR: Spectrometer for Sky-scanning Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research (NASA)

A

A-ATOFMS: Aircraft-aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer
AA: absorbing aerosols
AAAAI: American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology
AABW: Antarctic bottom water
AACP: above-anvil cirrus plume
AACT: ARM-ASR Coordination Team
AAD: Australian Antarctic Division
AAE: Absorption Angstrom Exponent
AAF: ARM Aerial Facility
AALCO: Aerial Assessment of Liquid in Clouds at Oliktok
AAO: Adjacent Arctic Ocean
AAOD: aerosol absorption optical depth
AASE: Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition
AATS: Ames airborne tracking sunphotometer
AATSR: Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer
ABC: absorbing boundary condition or atmospheric brown cloud
ABE: Aerosol Best Estimate
ABI: Advanced Baseline Imager (GOES-R satellite)
ABIFM: activity-based immersion freezing model
ABL: atmospheric boundary layer
ABLE: Argonne Boundary Layer Experiment or Arctic Boundary Layer Experiment or Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment (NASA)
ABoVE: Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment
ABRACOS: Anglo-Brazilian Amazonian Climate Observation Study
ABRFC: Arkansas Basin Red River Forecast Center
ACAOD: above-cloud aerosol optical depth
ACAPEX: ARM Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment
ACARS: Aerodynamic (Research Incorporated) Communication and Recording System or Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System
ACAS: Arctic Climate Across Scales
ACC: Antarctic Circumpolar Current
ACCACIA: Aerosol Cloud Coupling and Climate Interaction in the Arctic
ACCEPT: Analysis of the Composition of Clouds with Extended Polarization Techniques
ACCESS: Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator or aerosol counting, composition, extinction, and sizing system
ACCESS-AM2: Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator Atmosphere-only Model version 2
ACCMIP: Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project
ACCP: Aerosol, Cloud, Convection, and Precipitation study (NASA)
ACDC: Atmospheric Cluster Dynamic Code
ACE: Aerosol Characterization Experiment or Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition or Accumulated Cyclone Energy
ACE-2: Second Aerosol Characterization Experiment
ACE-Asia: Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment
ACE-ENA: Aerosol and Cloud Experiments in the Eastern North Atlantic
ACE-SPACE: Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition - Study of Preindustrial-like Aerosol Climate Effects
ACI: aerosol-cloud interactions
ACIA: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
ACME: Accelerated Climate Model for Energy or Airborne Carbon Measurements campaign
ACOM: Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling (NCAR)
ACORES: Azores Statocumulus Measurements of Radiation, Turbulence and Aerosols
ACOS: Atmospheric Carbon Observation from Space
ACP: absolute cavity pyrgeometer
ACR: airborne cloud radar
ACRE: Antarctic Clouds and Radiation Experiment
ACRF: ARM Climate Research Facility (no longer in use)
ACRIDICON-CHUVA: Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of Convective Cloud Systems
ACROS: airborne cloud-radiation observing system
ACSE: Arctic Clouds in Summer Experiment
ACSM: Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor
ACSYS: Arctic Climate System Study
ACT: ARM Coordination Team (no longer in use)
ACTIVATE: Aerosol Cloud Meteorology Interactions Over the Western Atlantic Experiment
ACTIVE: aerosol and chemical transport in tropical convection
ACTOS: Airborne Cloud Turbulence Observation System
ACTRIS: Aerosols, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure
ACUASI: Alaska Center for UAS Integration
ADA: anomalous diffraction approximation
ADAS: ARPS data analysis system or Atmospheric Data Assimilation System
ADC: analog-to-digital converter
ADDA: Amsterdam discrete dipole approximation
ADDEM: aerosol diameter-dependent equilibrium model
ADEOS: advanced earth observing system (Japan Space Program)
ADF: adiabatic fraction
ADI: ARM Data Integrator
ADM: angular dependence model
ADMB: Air-deployed microbuoys
ADMIRARI: Advanced Microwave Radiometer for Rain Identification
ADT: anomalous diffraction theory
AE: Angstrom exponent (no longer in use)
AEB: Agencia Espacial Brasileira
AEBR: aerosol extinction-to-backscatter ratios
AEC: ARM Experiment Center
AED: atmospheric evaporative demand
AEM: Automatic Exchange Mechanism
AER: Atmospheric Environmental Research, Inc.
AERI: atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer
AERI-ER: extended-range AERI
AERI-X: high-resolution (0.1 cm^-1) version of AERI
AERIoe: Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer Optimal Estimation
AEROCLO-sA: Aerosol Radiation and Clouds in southern Africa
AeroCom: Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models
AEROICESTUDY: Aerosol-Ice Formation Closure Pilot Study
AEROMMA: Atmospheric Emissions and Reactions Observed from Megacities to Marine Areas
AERONET: Aerosol Robotic Network
AEROSE: Aerosol and Ocean Science Expedition
AES: airborne emission spectrometer or Atmospheric Environment Services (Canada)
AETH: Aethalometer
AF: adiabatic fraction
AFC: ARM field campaign
AFGL: Air Force Geophysics Laboratory
AFM/IR: atomic force microscope-infrared
AFOSR: Air Force Office of Scientific Research
AFRC: Armstrong Flight Research Center
AFRL: Air Force Research Laboratory
AFWA: Air Force Weather Agency
AFWEX: ARM-FIRE Water Vapor Experiment
AGAGE: Advanced Global Gases Experiment
AGARD: Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development
AGASP: Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program
AGC: Automatic Gain Control
AGCD: Australian Gridded Climate Data
AGCMs: atmospheric general circulation models
AGGI: annual greenhouse gas index (NOAA)
AGL: above ground level
AGU: American Geophysical Union
AHI: Advanced Himawari Imager
AHM: adaptive habit model
AI: aerosol index or artificial intelligence
AIA: ARM Information Architecture
AIDA: Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere cloud chamber (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)
AIDJEX: Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment
AIE: aerosol indirect effect
AIF: aerosol indirect forcing
AIIE: Airborne Icing Instrumentation Evaluation
AIMMS: Aircraft-integrated Meteorological Measurement System
AIMS: Australian Institute of Marine Science
AIOMFAC: Aerosol Inorganic-Organic Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficient
AIP: Algorithm Intrcomparison Project
AIRS: atmospheric infrared sounder or Alliance Icing Research Study
AIS: ARCS Integration Site (no longer in use)
AIV: aerosol invigoration effect
ALABAMA: aircraft-based laser ablation mass spectrometer
ALAMO: Air-Launched Autonomous Micro Observer (ocean float program)
ALBSA: Aleutian Low-Beaufort Sea Anticyclone
ALC-IOP: Aerosol Life Cycle Intensive Observational Period (a 2011 U.S. DOE field campaign)
ALCF: Automatic Lidar and Ceilometer Framework
ALE: available lifting energy
ALEX: AIDEX Lead Experiment
ALFA: AER local forecast and assimilation (model)
ALIVE: Aerosol Lidar Validation Experiment
ALM: ACME Land Model
ALOSE: Along Line of Site Experiment
ALTOS: Arctic Lower Troposphere Observed Structure
AMAP: Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (Arctic Council)
AMAZE: Amazonian Aerosol Characterization Experiment
AME: aerosol microphysical effect
AMEX: Australian Monsoon Experiment
AMF: ARM Mobile Facility
AMI-WS: active microwave instrument wind scatterometer
AMIE: ARM MJO Investigation Experiment
AMIP: Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project
AMMA: African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis
AMO: Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
AMOC: Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
AmPMS: Ambient-pressure Proton transfer Mass Spectrometer
AMPS: Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System
AMRDC: Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center
AMS: aerosol mass spectrometer or accelerator mass spectrometer
AMS-SMPS: aerosol mass spectrometer-scanning mobility particle sizer
AMSL: above mean sea level
AMSR: advanced microwave scanning radiometer
AMSU-B: Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B
AMT: ARM Management Team or Aerosol Modeling Testbed
AMV: Atlantic Multidecadal Variability
ANL: Argonne National Laboratory
ANN: artificial neural network
AO: Arctic Oscillation
AOD: aerosol optical depth
AOFB: Autonomous ocean flux buoy
AOGCM: atmosphere-ocean global coupled model or atmosphere-ocean general circulation model
AOML: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
AON: Arctic Observing Network
AOP: aerosol optical properties
AOPCIC: Aerosol Optical Particle Counter Intercomparison Campaign
AOS: aerosol observing system
AOT: aerosol optical thickness
AP: anisotropy parameter
APC: aerosol particle chamber
API: application programming interface
APIMS: Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry
APIP: aircraft-produced ice particle
APOLLO: AVHRR Processing Scheme Over Land, Cloud, and Ocean
APPI: atmospheric pressure photoionization
APREF: Asia-Pacific Reference Frame
APS: aerosol particle-sizing spectrometer or aerodynamic particle sizer
APSS: absorbing polystyrene spheres
AR: atmospheric river
AR Recon: Atmospheric River Reconnaissance
AR-AFS: Atmospheric River Analysis and Forecast System
ARC: Ames Research Center
ARCPAC: Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate
ARCS: Atmospheric Radiation and Cloud Station (no longer in use)
ARCSS: Arctic System Science (NSF)
ARCSYM: Arctic Regional Climate System Model
ARCTAS: Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites
ARCUS: Arctic Research Consortium of the United States
ARDT: Atmospheric River Detection Tool
ARE: aerosol radiative effect
ARESE: ARM Enhanced Shortwave Experiment
ARF: aerosol radiative forcing
ARGN: Australian Regional GPS Network
ARH: atmospheric radiative heating
ARI: aerosol-radiation interactions
ARIES: Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences
ARIMA: Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average
ARINC: Aerodynamic Research Incorporated Communication
ARL: Air Resources Laboratory (NOAA)
ARM: Atmospheric Radiation Measurement
ARM-ACME: ARM Airborne Carbon Measurements
ARMBE: ARM best estimate (data products)
ARMBEATM: ARM Best Estimate Atmospheric Measurements value-added product
ARMBECLDRAD: ARM Best Estimate Cloud Radiation value-added product
ARMOR: Advanced Radar for Meteorological and Operational Research
AROME: Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale
ARPS: Advanced Regional Prediction System
ARRA: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (can also be shortened to "Recovery Act").
ARRC: Advanced Radar Research Center (University of Oklahoma)
ARS: Agricultural Research Service
ARSCL: Active Remotely Sensed Cloud Locations (an ARM VAP)
ARTEMIS: Advanced Responsive Tactically Effective Military Imaging Spectrometer
ARTMIP: Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project
ARTS: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator
AS: anvil stratus
ASAP-MS: atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry
ASC: arctic stratus cloud
ASCAT: Advanced SCATterometer
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange file format
ASCOS: Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study
ASD: analytical spectral devices
ASIR: absolute scanning infrared radiometer
ASIVA: All Sky Infrared Visible Analyzer
ASM: Asian summer monsoon
ASO: Airborne Snow Observatory
ASOP: atmospheric soil organic particles
ASOS: automatic surface observing system
ASP: Atmospheric Science Program
ASPEN: Atmospheric Sounding Processing Environment (NCAR software)
ASR: aerosol scattering ratio or absorbed solar radiation or absorbed shortwave radiation or absolute sky-scanning radiometer
ASRC: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center
ASSIST: Atmospheric Sounder Spectrometer for Infrared Spectral Technology
ASSP: axially scattering spectrometer probe
ASTER: Atmosphere-Surface Turbulent Exchange Research or Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (NASA)
ASTEX: Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment
ASTI: absolute solar transmittance interferometer
ASTIC: All Sky Thermal Infrared Camera
ATD: Atmospheric Technology Division (NCAR) or Arizona test dust
ATDD: Atmospheric Turbulence and diffusion Division (NOAA ARL)
ATHAM: Active Tracer High-resolution Atmospheric Model
ATLID: Atmospheric backscatter lidar
ATM: Atmospheric Transport Model
ATMIS-II: Atmospheric Moisture Comparison Study
ATML: Atmospheric and Terrestrial Mobile Laboratory
ATMOS: Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy or Argonne Testbed for Multiscale Observational Studies
ATMS: Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder
ATOFMS: aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer
ATOM: Atmospheric Tomography Mission
ATOMIC: Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign
ATOMMS: Active Temperature, Ozone Moisture Microwave Spectrometer
ATR/FTIR: attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared
ATSR: Along-Track Scanning Radiometer
ATTREX: Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment
AUSMI: Australian monsoon index
AVA: ARM Volume-Imaging Array
AVG: Adaptive Vertical Grid
AVHRR: advanced very-high-resolution radiometer
AVIRIS: airborne visible and infrared imaging spectrometer
AVMP: atmospheric vertical moisture profile
AVOC: anthropogenic volatile organic carbon
AVP: ARM Aerial Vehicles Program *As of February 2009, this program was renamed ARM Aerial Facility.
AVSET: Automated Volume Scan Evaluation and Termination
AVTP: atmospheric vertical temperature profile
AWARE: ARM West Antarctic Radiation Experiment
AWEX: AIRS Water Vapor Experiment
AWIPS: Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System
AWPAG: All-Weather Precipitation Accumulation Guage
AWS: automated weather station
AZA: azimuth angle

B

BACI: Biosphere Atmosphere Change Index
BAECC: Biogenic Aerosols - Effects on Clouds and Climate
BAECC SNEX: Biogenic Aerosols--Effects on Clouds and Climate: Snowfall Experiment
BAERI: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute
BAMEX: Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortices Experiment
BAMS: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
BAO: Boulder Atmospheric Observatory
BAPMoN: Background Air Pollution Monitoring
BARC: Barrow Arctic Research Center
BARFEX: Boardman Atmospheric Radiation Flux Experiment
BARRA: Australian Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric high-resolution Reginal Reanalysis for Australia
BAS: British Antarctic Survey
BASE: Beaufort Arctic Storms Experiment
BASE-A: Biomass Burning Airborne and Spaceborne Experiment in the Amazonas
BASTA: Bistatic rAdar SysTem for Atmospheric studies
BATS: Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme
BATSE1: Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme, Version 1e
BB: biomass burning
BBA: biomass burning aerosols
BBCEAS: broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer
BBHRP: broadband heating rate profile
BBOA: biomass burning organic aerosol
BBOP: Biomass Burning Observation Project
BBSS: balloon-borne sounding system
BC: black carbon
BC4: Boston College-Aerodyne led Coated Black Carbon Study
BCADS: Black Carbon Aerosol Deposition Study
BCL: buoyant condensation level
BCO: Barbados Cloud Observatory
BCP: backscatter cloud probe
BCR: baseline change request
BCS: Bayesian Compressive Sensing
BDRF: bidirectional reflectance functions
BEACH-ON-ROMBAS: Biohydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics & Nitrogen Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study
BECCS: bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
BEO: Barrow Environmental Observatory
BER: Biological and Environmental Research
BESST: Ball Experimental Sea Surface Temperature instrument
BF: boundary facility
BGC: biogeochemistry
BIC: Bayesian Information Criterion
BIOS: Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
BL: boundary layer
BLC: Belfort laser ceilometer or boundary layer convection
BLCWG: Boundary Layer Cloud Working Group (GCSS)
BLH: boundary layer height
BLISS: Boundary Layer Sensing and Simulation working group
BLOSSOM: Bilateral Operational Storm-Scale Observation and Modeling
BLX: Boundary Layer Experiment
BMRC: Bureau of Meteorological Research Center
BNL: Brookhaven National Laboratory
BOEMRE: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement
BOM: Australian Bureau of Meteorology
BOMEX: Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment
BORCAL: broadband outdoor radiometer calibration
BOREAS: Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study
BRDF: bidirectional reflectance distribution function
BRS: broadband radiometer station
BSA: Beaufort Sea Anticyclone
BSISO: boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation
BSOA: biogenic secondary organic aerosol
BSRN: baseline surface radiation network
BSRWP: beam-steered radar wind profiler
BT: back trajectory or brightness temperature
BTD: brightness temperature difference
BVOC: biogenic volatile organic compound

C

C-LAMP: Carbon-Land Model Intercomparison Project
C-MAN: Coastal-Marine Automated Network
C4MIP: Coupled Climate-Carbon Cycle MIP
C5H8: isoprene
CAA: Clean Air Act (U.S.) or cloud absorption anomaly
CABL: Characterizing the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
CaChUP: Chemical Analyzer for Charged Ultrafine Particles
CACTI: Cloud, Aerosol, and Complex Terrain Interactions
CAD: computer-aided design
CAF: cloud area fraction
CAFS: Coupled Arctic Forecasting System
CAGATE: CCPP-ARM GCM analysis of tendency errors (no longer in use)
CAGEX: CERES/ARM/GEWEX Experiment
CAICE: Center for Aerosol Impacts on Chemistry of the Environment (National Science Foundation)
CAIPEEX-2009: Cloud Aerosol and P:recipitation Enhancement Experiment
CALIOP: Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization
CALIPSO: Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation
CALM: Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring Grid
CalNex: California Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Experiment
CALVAL: Calibration and Validation
CAM: Community Atmosphere Model or convection-allowing model
CAM-4: NCAR Community Atmosphere Model Version 4
CAM-5: NCAR Community Atmosphere Model
CAM-MAM: PNNL Modal Aerosol Model
CAM5-CAPT: Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1-Cloud-Associated Parameterizations Testbed
CAMEL: Combined ASTER MODIS Emissivity over Land
CAMEX: Convection and Moisture Experiment
CAMS: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service
CANDAC: Canadian Network for Detection of Atmospheric Change
CANSISE: Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network
CAO: cold-air outbreak
CAP-MBL: Cloud, Aerosol, and Precipitation in the Marine Boundary Layer
CAPE: convective available potential energy or Convection and Precipitation/Electrification experiment
CAPE-K: Clouds and Precipitation Experiment at Kennaook
CAPI: cloud-aerosol-precipitation interactions
CAPMoN: Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network
CAPPI: Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicators
CAPRICORN: Clouds, Aerosols, Precipitation, Radiation, and Atmospheric Composition over the Southern Ocean
CAPS: cloud, aerosol, and precipitation spectrometer or cavity attenuated phase shift
CAPS-PMEX: cavity attenuated phase shift extinction monitor
CAPT: Cloud-Associated Parameterization Testbed (no longer in use)
CAR: corrective action report
CARB: California Air Resources Board
CARES: Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study
CARI: Community Airborne Research Instrumentation
CARL: CART Raman lidar (no longer in use)
CARMA: Community Aerosol-Radiation-Microphysics Application or Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres
CARRIBA: Cloud, Aerosol, Radiation, and Turbulence in the Trade Wind Regime over Barbados
CARSNET: China Aerosol Remote Sensing Network
CART: Cloud and Radiation Testbed (no longer in use)
CARVE: Carbon in Arctic Reservoirs Vulnerability Experiment
CAS: cloud aerosol spectrometer
CASA: Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach or Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere
CASCC: Caltech Active Strand Cloud water Collector
CASES: Cooperative Atmosphere Surface Exchange Study or Canadian Arctic Shelf Exchange Study
CASS: Continental Active Surface-Forced Shallow Cumulus
CAST: Co-ordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics
CASTNET: Clean Air Status and Trend Network
CAUSES: Cloud Above the United States and Errors at the Surface
CAVM: Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation map
CAWCR: Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research
CAWS: Canadian Arctic Weather Science
CBG: Chebogue Point (Canada)
CBH: cloud base height
CBL: convective boundary layer
CCAP: Characterization of Cirrus and Aerosol Properties
CCCMA: Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis
CCD: charge-coupled device
CCEW: convectively coupled equatorial waves
CCI: Climate Change Initiative (ESA)
CCIE: Coastal Convective Interaction Experiment
CCM: climate chemistry model
CCM1: Community Climate Model, Version 1
CCM2: Community Climate Model, Version 2
CCM3: Community Climate Model, Version 3
CCMI: Chemistry Climate Modeling Initiative
CCN: cloud condensation nuclei
CCPM: cyclic convection-permitting model
CCPP: Climate Change Prediction Program or Common Community Physics Package
CCS: cold cloud system
CCSEM/EDX: computer-controlled scanniing electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
CCSM2: Community Climate System Model, Version 2
CCSP: Climate Change Science Program or Carbon Cycle Science Plan
CCSS: California Cooperative Snow Survey
CDA: constrained data assimilation
CDAAC: Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center
CDE: CART data environment (no longer in use)
CDER: cloud droplet effective radius
CDF: cumulative distribution function
CDFS: Cloud Depiction Forecast System (USAF)
CDIAC: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
CDL: cloud detection lidar or coherent Doppler lidar
CDMS: Cloud Droplet Measurement System
CDNC: cloud droplet number concentration
CDP: cloud droplet probe or control/display panel
CDR: circular depolarization ratio or Critical Design Review
CDR-MIP: Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project
CDS: cloud drop spectrometer
CDSD: cloud droplet size distribution
CE: collection efficiency
CEAREX: Coordinated Eastern Arctic Experiment
CEAS: cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy
CED: cloud equivalent diameter
CEDS: Community Emissions Data System
CEES: Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences
CEM: cloud ensemble model
CEOS: Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
CEP: cloud extinction probe
CEPEX: Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment
CERES: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System
CESAR: Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (Netherlands)
CESBIO: Centre d'Etudes spatiales de la BIOsphere (France)
CESD: Climate and Environmental Sciences Division
CESM: Community Earth System Model
CESM-LENS: Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble Project
CF: Central Facility or Climate and Forecast or cloud fraction
CFAD: contoured-frequency-by-altitude diagram
CFARR: Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (UK)
CFC: chlorofluorocarbon
CFCR: Centroid Frequency Chirp Rate
CFD: computational fluid dynamics
CFDC: continuous flow diffusion chamber
CFDE II: Canadian Freezing Drizzle Experiment II
CFH: cryogenic frost point hygrometer
CFI: cloud-free index or Canada Foundation for Innovation
CFMIP: Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project
CFODD: Contoured Frequency by Optical Depth Diagram
CFP: carbon flux phenology
CFSR: Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (NCEP)
CFWI: Canadian Fire Weather Index
CGA: calibration, grooming, and alignment
CGCM: coupled (ocean-atmosphere) general circulation model
CGPS: Continuous Global Positioning System
CHAPS: Cumulus Humilis Aerosol Processing Study
CHARMS: CH4 Atmospheric Remote Monitoring
CHARTS: Code for High-Resolution Accelerated Radiative Transfer from Scattering
CHEESEHEAD19: Chequamegon Heterogeneous Ecosystem Energy-balance Study Enabled by a High-density Extensive Array of Detectors 2019
CHIVO: Colorado State University C-Band Hydrometeorological Instrument for Volumetric Observations
CI: convective initiation
CI-ITMS: ion trap mass spectrometer using chemical ionization
CIC: Cloudiness Intercomparison Campaign (no longer in use)
CID: collision-induced dissociation
CIDS: CEPEX integrated data system
CIMMS: Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies
CIMS: chemical ionization mass spectrometer
CIMSS: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies
CIN: convective inhibition
CINC: cloud ice number concentration
CINDY2011: Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in Year 2011
CIP: column intensive properties or cloud imaging probe
CIR: cloud infrared radiometer
CIRA: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere
CIRCCREX: Cirrus Coupled Cloud-Radiation Experiment
CIRES: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (U. of Colorado)
CIRP: Cooperative Institute for Regional Prediction (University of Utah)
CIRPAS: Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies
CIWRO: Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations (University of Oklahoma)
CKE: cumulus kinetic energy or collisional kinetic energy
CL: convective precipitation over land
CLACE: Cloud and Aerosol Characterization Experiments
CLAMPS: Collaborative Lower Atmospheric Mobile Profiling System
CLAMS: Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites
CLAP: continuous light absorption photometer
CLARIFY-2017: Cloud-Aerosol-Radiation Interactions and Forcing: Year 2017
CLASIC: Cloud Land Surface Interaction Campaign or Chemistry Land-Surface Atmosphere Soil Slab
CLASS: Cross-Chain Loran Atmospheric Sounding System
CLASSIC: Coupled Large-scale Aerosol Simulator for Studies of Climate
CLAUS: Cloud Archive User Service
CLAVR: Cloud Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer
CLD: chemiluminescence detection
CLEAR: Colorado State University Lightning, Environment, Aerosol, and Radar analysis framework
CLEARFLO: Clean Air for London
CLEX: Complex Layered Cloud Experiment
CLI: command line interface
CLIMOB: CLImate Modelling and Observations in India
CLIVAR: Climate Variability and Predictability (Program)
CLM: Community Land Model or Common Land Model
CLOUD: Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets chamber (European Council for Nuclear Research)
CLOWD: Clouds with Low Optical (Water) Depths Working Group
CLP: cloud liquid path (no longer in use)
CLRTAP: Convention on Long Range Trans-boundary Air Pollution
CLS: cloud and aerosol lidar system
CLUBB: Cloud Layers Unified By-Binormals
CLW: column liquid water
CLWG: Cloud Lifecycle Working Group
CLWP: cloud liquid water path
CM: cloud mask
CMAP: Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation
CMAQ: Community Multiscale Air Quality model (EPA)
CMAS: Center for Multiscale Applied Sensing (Brookhaven National Laboratory)
CMBE: Climate Modeling Best Estimate
CMC: Canadian Meteorological Centre
CMCC: Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per I Cambiamenti Climatici
CMCS: connected MCS
CMDEWP: chilled-mirror dew point hygrometer
CMDL: Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
CMDV: Climate Model Development and Validation Program (U.S. DOE)
CMFR: continuously mixed flow reactor
CMIP: Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
CML: cloud mixed layer
CMMG: Center of Climate, Meteorology, and Climate change (University of the Azores)
CMORPH: Climate Prediction Center Morphing Technique
CMSAF: Climate Monitoring Satellite Application Facility
CMT: convective momentum transport
CN: condensation nucleus
CNES: Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales
CNN: convolutional neural network
CNPq: Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
CNRM-CERFACS: Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques/Centre Europeen de Recherche et Formation Avancees en Calcul Scientifique
CNT: classical nucleation theory
Co₂FLX: carbon dioxide flux system
COALA: Coordinated Observations of the Lower Arctic Atmosphere
COALESCE: Carbonaceous aerosol emissions, source apportionment, and climate impacts (India)
COARE: Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment
COBRA: CO2 Budget and Rectification Airborne stody
COD: cloud optical depth
CODE: Center for Orbit Determination in Europe
COLA: Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies
COLMA: Colorado Lightning Mapping Array
COMBLE: Cold-Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment
CombRet: Combined Retrieval
CoMeT: Coupling Metrics Toolkit
COMMAS: Collaborative Model for Multiscale Atmospheric Simulation
CONTRAST: CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics
CONUS: continental United States
COP: Cloud Organizational Potential
COPE: Convective Precipitation Experiment
COPS: Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study
CORDEX: Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment
COSMIC: Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate
COSP: CFMIP Observation Simulator Package
CoSSIR: Compact Scanning Submillimeter-wave Imaging Radiometer (NASA)
COT: cloud optical thickness
CP: Cloud Properties Working Group
CPC: Climate Prediction Center or condensation particle counter
CPI: cloud particle imager
CPM: Cloud Parameterization and Modeling or convection-permitting model
CPMA: centrifugal particle mass analyzer
CPOL: C-band polarimetric radar
CPPAR: cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar
CPRS: cloud profiling radar system
CPT: cold point tropopause
CPW: Cloud Properties Working Group (no longer in use)
CQI: continuous quality improvement
CR-SIM: Cloud Resolving Model Radar Simulator
CRAICC: Nordic Centre of Excellence
CRD: cavity ring-down
CRD-AES: cavity ring down aerosol extinction spectrometer
CRDS: cavity ring-down spectroscopy
CRE: cloud radiative effect
CRF: cloud radiative forcing
CRH: column relative humidity
CRHF: cloud radiative heat forcing
CrIS: Cross-track Infrared Sounder
CRL: compact Raman lidar
CRM: cloud-resolving model or column radiation model
CROC: Convective Radio Occultations Campaign
CRREL: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)
CRS: Clouds and Radiative Swath
CRYSTAL-FACE: Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers—Florida Area Cirrus Experiment
CS: cloudscope
CSA: convective-stratiform-anvil
CSCE: Continental Stratocumulus Experiment (Pennsylvania State University)
CSD: cloud size distribution
CSET: Cloud System Evolution in the Trades
CSHNET: Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network
CSI: cloud spectrometer and impactor or clear-sky identification
CSIP: Convective Storm Initiation Project
CSIRO: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization
CSLAEX: Cross-Scale Land-Atmosphere Experiment
CSM1: Climate System Model, Version 1
CSP: Combined Sensor Program
CSPHOT: cimel photometer
CSPOT: camel sun photometer (no longer in use)
CSRM: cloud system-resolving model (no longer in use)
CSTRIPE: Coastal Stratocumulus Imposed Perturbation Experiments
CSU: Colorado State University
CSU-MAPS: California State University mobile atmospheric profiling system
CSWR: Center for Severe Weather Research
CT: cloud thickness
CTBL: cloud-topped boundary layer or cumulus-topped boundary layer
CTD: cloud-top divergence
CTEI: cloud-top entrainment instability
CTFS: Center for Tropical Forest Science
CTH: cloud top height
CTL: CarbonTracker-Lagrange
CTM: chemical transport model
CTP: convective triggering potential
CTT: cloud-top temperature
CTV: cloud-top vertical vorticity
Cu: cumulus
CuPIDO: Cumulus Photogrammetric, In situ, and Doppler Observations
CUT: Coordinated Universal Time
CVDP: Climate Variability Diagnostic Package (NCAR)
CVE: coherent vorticity extraction
CVF: cloud vertical fraction
CVI: counter-flow vertical impactor
CW3E: Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes
CWC: condensed water content
CWP: cloud water path
CWV: columnar water vapor
CZO: Critical Zone Observatory

D

DAAC: Distributed Active Archive Center
DABUL: depolarization aerosol and backscatter unattended lidar
DACAPO-PESO: Dynamics, Aerosol, Cloud And Precipitation Observations in the Pristine Environment of the Southern Ocean
DACCIWA: Dynamics-aerosol-chemistry-cloud interactions in West Africa
DAII: droplet assisted inlet ionization mass spectrometry
DALES: Dutch Atmospheric Large Eddy Simulation model
DAO: data assimilation office
DAQ: data acquisition
DARE: direct aerosol radiative effect
DARF: direct aerosol radiative forcing
DART: discrete angle radiative transfer or Data Assimilation Research Testbed (NCAR)
DAWEX: Darwin Wave Experiment
DBS: Dichroic Beam Splitter
DBSCAN: Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise
DC3: Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry
DCC: deep convective cloud
DCP: downward control principle
DCPP: Decadal Climate Prediction Project
DDA: discrete dipole approximation
DDI: downwelling diffuse irradiance
DDR: diffuse-to-direct ratio
DDV: differential Doppler velocity
DEAD: Dust Entrainment and Deposition Model
DEID: differential emissivity imaging disdrometer
DEM: digital elevation model
DER: droplet effective radius
DESI: desorption electrospray ionization
DESI-HRMS: desorption electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry
DESI-MS: desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
DEW: distant early warning
DFAR: double-fence automated reference
DFB TDL: distributed feedback tunable-diode laser
DFDI: diffuse downward irradiance
DFG: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)
DFIR: double-fence intercomparison reference
DFR: dual-frequency reflectivity ratio
DFT: density functional theory
DGVM: dynamic global vegetation model
DHARMA: Distributed Hydrodynamic Aerosol and Radiative Modeling Application
DHI: diffuse horizontal irradiance
DHR: differential heating rate
DI: deionized
DIAL: differential absorption lidar
DICE: Diurnal Land/Atmosphere Coupling Experiment
DIRTMAP: Dust Indicators and Records in Terrestrial and Marine Paleoenvironments database
DISCOVER-AQ: Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality
DISORT: discrete ordinate radiative transfer
DLCA: diffusion-limited cluster aggregation
DLF: downwelling longwave flux (no longer in use)
DLH: diode laser hygrometer
DLPNO: domain-based local pair-natural orbital
DLR: Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center)
DLS: dynamic light scattering
DMA: differential mobility analyzer or Defense Mapping Agency
DMAN: Dynamic Model for Aerosol Nucleation
DMF: Data Management Facility or dry air mole fraction
DMO: Danish Meteorological Institute
DMPS: differential mobility particle sizer
DMS: Data Management System
DMSP: Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
DMT: Data Management Team or Droplet Measurement Technologies
DNI: direct normal irradiance
DNN: deep neural network
DNS: direct numerical simulation
DNSI: direct-normal solar irradiance
DOAS: differential optical absorption spectroscopy
DOC: dissolved organic carbon
DOD: data object design
DOE: U.S. Department of Energy
DOF: depth of field
DOFS: degree of freedom for signal
DOI: Digital Object Identifier
DOLCE: Derived Optimal Linear Combination Evapotranspiration
DOMEX: Dominica Experiment
DOP: dioctyl phthalate
DOS: dioctyl sebacate
DOW: Doppler on wheels: dual-polarization X-band Doppler radar
DOY: day of year
DPR: dual-frequency precipitation radar
DPV: diesel-powered vehicles
DQ: Data Quality
DQ HandS: Data Quality Health and Status
DQAR: Data Quality Assessment Report
DQM: Data Quality Manager
DQMS: Data Quality Management System
DQO: Data Quality Office
DQPR: Data Quality Problem Report
DQR: Data Quality Report
DR: depolarization ratio
DRE: direct radiative effect
DRF: direct radiative forcing or direct radiative feedback or diurnal mean radiative forcing
DRFE: diurnal mean radiative forcing efficiency or diffuse radiation fertilization effect
DRI: Desert Research Institute
DRUM: Davis Rotating-drum Universal-size-cut Monitoring
DRUM-CP: DRUM with Cold Plate
DSC: directed scattering coefficients
DSD: drop size distribution
DSE: dry static energy
DSIT: Data and Science Integration Team
DSLR: digital single-lens reflex
DSP: digital signal processor
DTLB: drained thaw lake basin
DTR: diurnal temperature range
DTS: distributed temperature sensing
DUP: dust uplift potential
DVD: Doppler velocity difference
DVM: dynamic vegetation model
DWR: dual-wavelength ratio
DYAMOND: Dynamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled on Non-hydrostatic Domains
DYCOMS-II: Second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus Experiment
DYMECS: Dynamical and Microphysical Evolution of Convective Storms
DYNAMO: Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)
DYPTOP: Dynamical Peatland Model Based on TOPMODEL

E

E-AIM: Extended Aerosol Inorganics Model
E3SM: Energy Exascale Earth System Model
EA: environmental assessment
EAGLES: Enabling aerosol-cloud interactions at global convection-permitting scales
EAMv1-RRM: Energy Exascale Earth System Model Atmosphere Model version 1 Regionally Refined Model
EARLINET: European Aerosol Research Lidar Network
EASE: Equal-Area Scalable Earth grid
EASM: East Asian summer monsoon
EASOE: European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment
EAST-AIRC: East Asian Studies of Tropospheric Aerosols and Impact on Regional Climate
EAST-AIRE: East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols: an International Regional Experiment
EB: energy balance
EBBR: energy balance bowen ratio
EBM: energy balance model
EBWDM: entropy-based wavelet denoising method
EC: Experiment Center or eddy correlation or eddy covariance or Environment Canada or elemental carbon
ECC: electrochemical cell
ECCC: Environmental and Climate Change Canada
ECDL: external cavity diode laser
ECHM: European Centre Hamburg Model
ECL: elastic cloud lidar
ECLIPS: Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study
ECMWF: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
ECOR: eddy correlation or eddy correlation flux measurement system
ECOSTRESS: ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station
ECPC: Experimental Climate Prediction Center (Scripps Institution of Oceanography)
ECPP: Explicit-Cloud Parameterized-Pollutant
ECR: Engineering Change Request
ECRP: Early Career Research Program (DOE)
ECS: equilibrium climate sensitivity or effective climate sensitivity
ECV: essential climate variable
ED: experiment design
EDAS: Eta Data Assimilation System
EDC: EROS Data Center (USGS)
EDDI: Evaporative Demand Drought Index
EDGAR: Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research
EDM: environmental dust monitor
EDMF: eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux
EDR: energy dissipation rate
EDS: energy dispersive spectroscopy
EDX: energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
EDXMA: energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis
EECRA: Extended Edited Synoptic Cloud Reports Archive
EELS: electron energy loss spectroscopy
EEPROM: electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
EERE: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (U.S. Department of Energy)
EESI: extractive electrospray ionization
EF: extended facility or evaporative fraction or emission factor
EF/TEM: energy filtered/transmission electron microscopy
EFEDA: European Field Experiment in a Desertification-threatened Area
EGA: evolved gas analysis
EGF: ethanol growth factors
EGU: electric generation unit
EI: electron ionization
EIL: entrainment interfacial layer
EIS: estimated inversion strength
EKE: eddy kinetic energy
EL: equilibrium level
ELF: extremely low frequency
ELM: E3SM Land Model
ELP: evaporated liquid particle
ELVOC: extremely low-volatility organic compound
EM: electron microscopy
EM-MIC: electromagnetic-microphysical
EMEP: European Monitoring of Environmental Pollution program or European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme
EMERALD: Egrett Microphysics Experiment with Radiation, Lidar, and Dynamics
EMEX: Equatorial Mesoscale Experiment
EML: Environmental Measurements Laboratory (DOE)
EMPM: explicit mixing parcel model
ENA: Eastern North Atlantic
ENCORE: ENsemble ClOud Retrieval
EnKF: ensemble adjustment Kalman filter
ENP/A: Eastern North Pacific/Atlantic
ENSO: El Nino-Southern Oscillation
ENTLN: Earth Networks Total Lightning Network
ENVI: Environment for Visualizing Images
ENVSAT: ESA earth observation satellite (now inactive)
EOF: empirical orthogonal functions
EOL: Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR)
EOM: Easter Ocean Margin (CART site)
EOP: experiment operation plan or extended operational period
EOS: Earth Observing System
EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPCAPE: Eastern Pacific Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment
EPIC: Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate
EPLAB: The Eppley Laboratory, Inc.
EPRI: Electric Power Research Institute
ER: ecosystem respiration
ERASMUS: Evaluation of Routine Atmospheric Sounding Measurements using Unmanned Systems
ERAST: Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (NASA)
ERBE: Earth Radiation Budget Experiment
ERF: effective radiative forcing
ERL: Environmental Research Laboratory
ERL (SGP site): Electronics Repair Laboratory
ERM: eddy-resolving model
EROS: earth sciences resources observation systems
ERS-1: European research satellite-1
ESA: European Space Agency or enhanced sounding array
ESC: electrified shower cloud
ESCAPE: Experiment of Sea Breeze Convection, Aerosols, Precipitation and Environment
ESFT: exponential sum fitting of transmission (technique)
ESGF: Earth System Grid Federation
ESI: electrospray ionization
ESLCS: Enhanced Soundings for Local Coupling Studies
ESM: Earth System Modeling (U.S. DOE program)
ESM-SnowMIP: Earth System Model Snow Model Intercomparison Project
ESMF: Earth System Modeling Framework
ESMValTool: Earth System Model Evaluation Tool
ESP: Earth System Predictability
ESRL: Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA)
ESS-DIVE: Environmental System Science Data Infrastructure for a Virtual Ecosystem
ESTAR: electronically scanned thinned array radiometer
ESTARFM: Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model
ET: evapotranspiration
ETA/EDAS: ETA Data Assimilation System
ETH: echo top height
ETL: Environmental Technology Laboratory (NOAA)
ETM+: enhanced thematic mapper plus
EUC: Equatorial Undercurrent
EUCREM: European Cloud-Resolving Modeling
EUCREX: European Cloud and Radiation Experiment
EUFAR: European Facility for Airborne Research
EUMETSAT: European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
EUREC4A: Elucidating the Role of Clouds-Circulation Coupling in Climate
EUROCS: European Project for Cloud Systems Studies
EUSAAR: European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research
EVI: enhanced vegetation index
EVS: Earth Venture Suborbital
EWO: Engineering Work Order
ExINP-SGP: Examining the Ice-Nucleating Particles from Southern Great Plains

F

FAA: Federal Aviation Administration
FAAM: Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (UK)
FACE: Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment
FAD: frequency-by-altitude diagram
FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable
FAN: Federated Aerosol Network (NOAA)
FAO: Flatland Atmospheric Observatory
FARLAB: Facility for Advanced Isotopic Research and Monitoring of Weather, Climate and Biogeochemical Cycling (University of Bergen, Norway)
FARMS: Fast All-sky Radiation Model for Solar applications
FARMS-DNI: Fast All-sky Radiation Model for Solar applications with Direct Normal Irradiance
FASCODE: Fast Atmospheric Signature Code
FASE: FASCODE for the environment
FASINEX: First Air-Sea Interaction Experiment
FASTER: FAst-physics System TEstbed and Research (a BNL project)
FBAP: fluorescent biological aerosol particle
FC: IISCCP Flux Cloud
FCC: fractional cloud cover
FCCSET: Federal Coordinating Council on Science, Engineering, and Technology
FCDP: fast cloud droplet probe
FDDA: four-dimensional data assimilation
FDTD: finite-dimensional data assimilation or finite-difference time domain
FE-SEM: field emission scanning electron microscope
FFP: Flux Footprint Prediction
FFSSP: fast-forwarding scattering spectrometer probe
FFT: fast Fourier transform
FFV: factorized finite volume
FIA: Forest Inventory and Analysis
FIDO: Field Instrument Deployments and Operations
FIDUCEO: Fidelity and Uncertainty in Climate Data record from Earth Observations
FIE: first aerosol indirect effect
FIFE: First ISLSCP Field Experiment
FIGAERO: filter inlet for gases and aerosols
FIMS: fast integrating mobility spectrometer
FIR: finite impulse response
FIRE: First ISCCP Regional Experiment
FireMIP: Fire Modeling Intercomparison Project
FIREX-AQ: Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality campaign
FIRMS: Fire Information for Resource Management System (NASA)
FIRST: Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Troposphere
FLAASH: Fast Line-of-Sight Atmospheric Analysis of Hypercubes
FLAME-IV: Fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment
FLEXTRKR: Flexible Object Tracker
FLOR: Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution
FLRT: flexible, longwave, radiative transfer
FMCW: Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
FMF: fine mode fraction
FMI: Finnish Meteorological Institute
FNMOC: Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center
FONSI: finding of no significant impact
FOO: frequency of occurrence
ForestGEO: Forest Global Earth Observatory
FORJ: fiber optic rotary joint
ForTraCC: Forecasting and Tracking the evolution of Cloud Clusters
FOV: field of view
FPAR: fraction of photosynthetically active radiation
FPH: frost point hygrometer
fps: frames per second
FRAM-IF: Fog Remote Sensing and Modeling-Ice Fog
FROST: Front Range Orographic Storms
FRP: fire radiative power
FRSR: fast rotating shadowband radiometer
FSBR: fractional solar broadband radiometer
FSD: fractional standard deviation
FSL: Forecast Systems Laboratory (NOAA)
FSSP: forward scattering spectrometer probe
FT: free troposphere
FT-ICR: Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance
FTIR: fourier transform infrared radiometer
FTRH: free tropospheric relative humidity
FTS: Fourier transform spectrometer
FWHM: full width at half maximum
FWI: Fractional Water Index
FWSC: fair-weather shallow cumulus
FY: Fiscal Year
FZL: freezing level

G

GA: Geoscience Australia or genetic algorithm
GAC: global area coverage
GALE: Genesis of Atmosphere Lows Experiment
GALION: GAW Aerosol LIdar Observing Network
GAPD: Geiger-mode avalanche photo diode detector
GAPEX: Ground-based Atmospheric Profiling Experiment
GAPP: GEWEX Americas Prediction Project
GARP: Global Atmospheric Research Program
GASS: global atmospheric system studies
GATE: GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment
GAUS: GPS Advanced Upper-Air Sounding System
GAW: Global Atmosphere Watch
GC-ECD: gas chromatograph-electron capture detector
GC-ITMS: gas chromatograph ion trap mass spectrometer
GC-MS: gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer
GCCN: giant cloud condensation nuclei
GCD: Global Charcoal Database
GCE: Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model
GchM-O: Global Chemistry Model driven by observed meteorology
GCIP: GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project
GCM: General Circulation Model (no longer in use)
GCMS: gas chromatography mass spectrometry
GCOS: Global Climate Observing System
GCPM: global convection-permitting model
GCSS: GEWEX Cloud System Study
GCW: Global Cryosphere Watch
GDAL: Geospatial Data Abstraction Library
GDAS: Global Data Assimilation System
GDEM: Global Digital Elevation Model
GEA: generic enhanced absorption
GEBA: Global Energy Balance Archive
GEC: global electric circuit
GECKO-A: Generator of Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere
GEDI: Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation
GEFS: Global Ensemble Forecast System
GEISA: Gestion et Etude des Informations Spectroscopiques Atmospheriques
GEM: Global Ecosystem Monitoring network or Global Environmental Multiscale model
GEMS: Global Environmental Monitoring System
GENESIS: Global Environmental and Ecological Simulation of Interactive Systems
GEOS: Goddard Earth Observing System
GERB: Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget
GES DISC: Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (NASA)
GEWEX: Global Energy and Water Experiment
GF: growth factor
GFA: geophysical focus area
GFAS: Global Fire Assimilation System
GFDL: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
GFED: Global Fire Emissions Database
GFEM: Galerkin finite element method
GFS: Global Forecasting System (NCEP)
GHCN: Global Historic Climatology Network
GHI: global horizontal irradiance
GIEMS: Global Inundation Extent from Multi-Satellites
GIF: Guest Instrument Facility (at ARM SGP site)
GIFTS: Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer
GIIRS: Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder
GIM: geostatistical inverse modeling
GIPSY-OASIS: GNSS-Inferred Positioning System and Orbit Analysis Simulation Software
GIS: geophysical information system
GISS: Goddard Institute for Space Studies
GIST: GEWEX Integrated System Test
GLACE: Global Land-Atmosphere Coupling Experiment
GLAFOS: GEWEX Land-Atmosphere Feedback Observatories
GLAS: Geoscience Laser Altimeter System
GLASS: Global Land-Atmosphere System Study
GLCTS: Global Land Cover Test Site
GLDAS: Global Land Data Assimilation System
GLEAM: Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model
GLENS: Geoengineering Large Ensemble Project
GLM: generalized linear model or Geostationary Lightning Mapper
GLO: ground-level ozone
GloBEIS: Global Biosphere Emissions and Interactions System
GLOBUS: Global Building Heights for Urban Studies
GLODAP: Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
GLOMAP: Global Model of Aerosol Processes
GMAO: Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (NASA)
GMCC: Geophysical Monitoring for Climate Change (NOAA)
GMD: Global Monitoring Division
GMI: GPM Microwave Imager
GMMIP: Global Monsoon Model Intercomparison Project
GMS: geostationary meteorological satellite or gross moist stability
GMSL: Global Mean Sea Level
GMST: global mean surface temperature
GMT: Greenwich Mean Time
GNDRAD: ground radiometers on stand for upwelling radiation
GNDVI: green normalized difference vegetation index
GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System
GO-SHIP: Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program
GOALS: global-ocean-atmosphere-land-system
GOAMAZON: Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon
GOBM: global ocean biogeochemical model
GOCART: Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport model
GODAS: Global Ocean Data Assimilation System
GOES: Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
GoMACCS: Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study
GOME: Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
GOSAT: Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite
GPCC: Global Precipitation Climatology Centre
GPCI: GCSS Pacific Cross-Section Intercomparison
GPCP: Global Precipitation Climatology Project
GPH: geopotential height
GPM: Global Precipitation Measurement mission (NASA)
GPM DPR: Global Precipitation Measurement Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar
GPP: gross primary productivity
GPR: Gaussian Processes Regression
GPS: global positioning system
GPS RO: global positioning system radio occultation
GPV: gasoline-powered vehicles
GRACE: Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment
GRAMS: ground radiation measurement system
GRDC: Global Runoff Data Center
GrIS: Greenland Ice Sheet
GRIST: Global-to-Regional Integrated forecast System
GRMDM: Generalized Refractive Mixing Dielectric Model
GROGRAT: Gravity wave Regional OR Global Ray Tracer model
GRUAN: GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network
GRVI: green-red vegetation index
GSA: global sensitivity analysis
GSAT: global surface air temperature
GSD: geometric standard deviation
GSFC: Goddard Space Flight Center
GSI: Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation
GSL: Global Systems Laboratory
GSM: global spectral model
GSPO: Global Studies Program Office
GSRM: global storm-resolving model
GSWP3: Global Soil Wetness Project 3
GTC: growth tube collector
GTE/ABLE: Global Tropospheric Experiment/Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment
GTS: global telecommunications system
GUAN: GCOS Upper Air Network or German Ultrafine Aerosol Network
GUI: graphical user interface
GVAP: GEWEX Water Vapor Project
GVAX: Ganges Valley Aerosol Experiment
GVD: gradient of Doppler velocity
GVF: Greenness Vegetation Fraction
GVR: G-band (183 GHz) vapor radiometer
GVRP: G-band (183 GHz) vapor radiometer profiler
GWTSA: gamma-weighed two-stream approximation

H

HadGEM2-ES: Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2, earth system configuration
HadISST: Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set
HADS: Hydrometeorological Automated Data System
HAFS: Hurricane Analysis and Forecasting System
HAIC-HIWC: High Altitude Ice Crystals-High Ice Water Content Project
HALOE: Halogen Occultation Experiment
HAMSR: high-altitude MMIC sounding radiometer
HAPEX: Hydrology Atmosphere Pilot Experiment
HARIMAU: Hydrometeorological Array for Interseasonal Variation-Monsoon Automonitoring
HARP: HIAPER Airborne Radiation Package or Hawaiian Warm Rain Project
HATPRO: Humidity and Temperature Profiler
HAWKS: HITRAN Atmospheric Workstation
HBL: hurricane boundary layer
HBMI: Howard Beltsville MWR Intercomparison
HCA: hydrometeor classification algorithm
HCF: heated condensation framework
HCFC: hydrofluorocarbon
HCR: HIAPER Cloud Radar or horizontal convective roll
HD(CP)2: High-Definition Cloud and Precipitation for Advancing Climate Prediction
HDF: Heirarchical Data Format
HDOP: Horizontal dilution of precision
HDPE: high-density polyethylene
HDR: high dynamic range
HEA: high-energy approximation
HEPA: high-efficiency particulate air (filter)
HERB: Hydrologic Cycle and Earth Radiation Budget
HEVI: Horizontally Explicit Vertically Implicit
HFC: hydrofluorocarbon
HFIP: Hurricae Forecasting Improvement Project (NOAA)
HGF: hygroscopic growth factors
HI-SCALE: Holistic Interactions of Shallow Clouds, Aerosols, and Land-Ecosystems
HIAPER: High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research
HighResMIP: High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project
HiLaMS: High-Latitude Measurement of Snowfall
HiLAT-RASM: High-Latitude Application and Testing of Earth System Models-Regional Arctic System Model (DOE)
HINC: horizontal ice nucleation chamber
HIPPO: HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations
HiRAM: High-Resolution Atmospheric Model
HIRLAM: high-resolution limited area model
HIRS: High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Scanner
HIS: high-resolution interferometer spectrometer or hyperspectral imaging
HITRAN: high-resolution transmission
HiWATER: Heihe watershed allied telemetry experimental research
HL: high latitude
HMQC: heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence
HMT: hydrometeorological testbed
HOA: hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol
HOBE: Hydrological Observatory and Exploratorium (Danish)
HOLODEC: holographic detector for clouds
HOM: highly oxidized molecule or highly oxygenated molecule or Holmes Moss (UK)
HOMME: High Order Method Modeling Environment
HONER: hemispherical optimized new radiometer
HOPE: High-Definition Clouds and Precipitation Observational Prototype Experiment or Hamburg Ocean Primitive Equation
HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography
HPR: high-pressure ridge
HR: heating rate
HR ToF-CIMS: high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer
HR-ESI/MS: high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
HRDL: high-resolution doppler lidar
HRLDAS: High-Resolution Land Data Assimilation System
HRMS: high-resolution mass spectrometry
HRRR: High-Resolution Rapid Refresh
HSD: hydrometeor size distribution
HSFOVR: hemispherical field of view radiometer
HSI: hemispheric sky imager
HSRHI: hemispheric range height indicator
HSRL: high-spectral-resolution lidar
HSVD: hydrometeor velocity size detector
HTAP: Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution emissions inventory
HTDMA: hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer
HUCM: Hebrew University of Jerusalem Cloud Model
HULIS: humic-like substances
HUMEX -- I: Humidity Experiment - Infrared
HVPS: high-volume precipitation spectrometer
HVSD: hydrometer velocity and shape detector
HWRF: Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting
HWT: Hazardous Weather Testbed (NOAA)
HYSPLIT: Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory

I

IABP: International Arctic Buoy Programme
IAGOS: In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System or In-flight Atmospheric Observing System
IAM: incidence angle modifier or integrated assessment model
IAMAS: International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science
IAP: in situ aerosol profile
IARPC: Interagency Arctic Research Policy
IASC-AWG: International Arctic Science Committee-Atmosphere Working Group
IASI: infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer
IASOA: International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere
IATA: International Air Transport Association
IAV: interannual variability
IBBCEES: Incoherent Broadband Cavity Enhanced Extinction spectrometer
IBTrACS: International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship
IC: ion chromatography
ICA: independent column approximation
ICAMS: Interagency Council for Advancing Meteorological Services
ICARTT: International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation
ICARUS: Inaugural Campaigns for ARM Research using Unmanned Systems
ICCAGRA: Interagency Coordinating Committee for Airborne Geosciences Research and Applications (U.S. Government)
ICE: Interface Configuration Experiment (no longer in use)
ICE-L: Ice in Clouds Experiment-Layers
ICE-T: Ice in Clouds Experiment-Tropical
ICEALOT: International Chemistry Experiment in the Arctic Lower Troposphere
ICECAPS: e Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric state, and Precipitation at Summit Program
ICESat: Ice, Clouds, and Land Elevation Satellite
ICI: Infrared Cloud Imager
ICICLE: In-Cloud Icing and Large-drop Experiment
ICL: integrated cloud liquid or interband cascade laser
ICOADS: International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set
ICOS: Integrated Carbon Observation System or Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy
ICP: inductively coupled plasma-based techniques
ICP-AES: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy
ICP-OES: inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy
ICPM: International Commission on Polar Meteorology
ICPR: integrated cross-polarization ratio
ICRCCM: Intercomparison of Radiation Codes in Climate Models
ICTP: Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics
IDASS: integrated data assimilation and sounding system
IDEAS-2011: Instrumentation Development and Education in Airborne Science 2011 (NSF)
IDL: interactive data language
IDP: Instrument Development Program
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IEPOX SOA: isoprene-epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol
IF: intermediate frequency or ice fog
IFA: intensive flux array
IFFExO: Ice Fog Field Experiment at Oliktok Point
IFN: ice-forming nuclei
IFO: intensive field observation
IFOV: instantaneous field of view
IFREMER: Institut Francais pour la Recherche et l'Exploitation de la MER
IGAC: International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project
IGB: Indo-Gangetic Basin
IGBP: International Geosphere Biosphere Programme
IGE: Institut des Geosciences de L'Environnement
IGIM: Interagency Group on Integrative Modeling
IGOM: improved geometric optics method
IGP: Indo-Gangetic Plain
IGR: inherent growth rate
IGRA: Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive (NOAA)
IGS: International GNSS Service
IGW: inertio-gravity wave
IHOP: International H2O Project
IIASA: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
IIDC: Instrumentation and Industrial Digital Camera
IIOE: International Indian Ocean Expedition
IITM: Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology
ILAMB: International Land Model Benchmarking
ILS: instrument line shape
ILW: integrated liquid water
IMB: Infrastructure Management Board
IMBIE: Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise
IMD: Indian Meteorological Department
IMERG: Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement
IMFC: integrated moisture flux convergence
IMG: Interferometric Monitor of Greenhouse Gases
IMMS: Instrument Mentor Monthly Summary
IMPACT: Integrated Massively Parallel Atmospheric Chemistry Transport model
IMPACTS: Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms
IMPROVE: Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (U.S.) or Improvement of Microphysical Parameterization through Observational Verification Experiment
IMR: ice mixing ratio
IMS: Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System or ion mobility spectrometry
IN: ice nuclei
INAS: ice nucleation active site
INCA: Interhemispheric difference in cirrus properties from anthropogenic emissions
INDOEX: Indian Ocean Experiment
INFLAME: In situ Net Flux with the Atmosphere of Earth
INP: ice-nucleating particle
INPA: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia
INPE: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
INPOP: Ice Nucleating Particles at Oliktok Point
INRA: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France)
INS: Inertial Navigation System
INSTAAR: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research
INTERACT: International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic
INTEX-B: Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B
InvCM: inverse climate modeling
IOD: Indian Ocean dipole
IOP: intensive operational period
IOT: Internet of things
IPA: independent pixel approximation
IPAS: ice particle aggregate simulator
IPASRC: International Pyrgeometer and Absolute Sky-scanning Radiometer Comparison
IPC: International Pyrheliometer Comparison
IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPEX: Intermountain Precipitation Experiment
IPHEX: integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment
IPM: instrument performance model
IPMA: Instituto Portugues do Mar e da Atmosfera
IPN: integrated photoacoustic-nephelometer
IPO: Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
IPRC: International Pacific Research Center
IPSL: Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace
IPY: International Polar Year
IR: infrared
IRBT: infrared brightness temperature
IRF: instantaneous radiative flux
IRGA: infrared gas analyzer
IRI: International Research Institute for Climate and Society
IRICP: International Research Institute for Climate Prediction
IRIS: integrating sphere infrared radiometer
IRISS: Integrated Remote and In Situ Sensing
IRSI: infrared sky imager
IRT: infrared thermometer
IS: ice spectrometer
ISAN: isentropic analysis
ISAR: Infrared Sea Surface Temperature Autonomous Radiometer
ISCCP: International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
ISDAC: Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign
ISHMAEL: Ice-Spheroids Habit Model with Aspect-Ration Evolution
ISIMIP: Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project
ISIS: Integrated Surface Irradiance Study
ISLAS: Isotopic Links to Atmospheric Water's Sources
ISLSCP: International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project
ISM: Indian summer monsoon
ISMAR: International Sub-millimeter Airborne Radiometer
ISMIP: Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project
ISMN: International Soil Moisture Network
ISO: International Organization for Standardization or intraseasonal oscillation
ISOPOOH: isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide
ISRO: Indian Space Research Organization
ISS: integrated sounding system
ISTI: International Surface Temperature Initiative
ISVHE: Intraseasonal Variability Hindcast Experiment
ISWP: intraseasonal westward-propagating signal
IT: instrument team
ITCZ: intertropical convergence zone
ITEX: International Tundra Experiment or Island Thunderstorm Experiment
ITF: Intertropical Front
ITOP: Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors experiment
ITP: Ice-tethered profiler
ITPP: International TOVS Processing Package
IVOC: intermediate-volatility organic compound
IVT: integrated vapor transport
IWC: ice water content
IWP: ice water path
IWRF: Integrated Weather Radar Facility
IWV: integrated water vapor

J

JACCS: Japanese Cloud and Climate Study
JAMSTEC: Japanese Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
JASMINE: Joint Air-Sea Monsoon Interaction Experiment
JAXA: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
JD: Julian Day
JFD: joint frequency distribution
JHWRP: Joint Hawaiian Warm Rain Project
JISAO: Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean
JOSS: Joint Office for Science Support
JOYCE: Julich Observatory for Cloud Evolution (Germany)
JPEG: Joint Photographic Expert Group file format
JPL: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA)
JPSS: Joint Polar Satellite System
JULES: Joint UK Land Environment Simulator
JWD: Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer

K

KaRVIR: Ka-band rapid volume imaging radar
KASPR: Ka-band scanning polarimetric radar
KBDI: Keetch-Byram Drought Index
KDE: kernel density equivalent
KDGPAPS: Kennaook/Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station
KF-CuP: Kain--Fritsch cumulus potential
KM-SUB: kinetic multi-layer model of aerosol surface and bulk chemistry
KNMI: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
KRAQNb: Korea Air Quality Network
KSC: Kennedy Space Center (NASA)
KWAJEX: Kwajalein Field Experiment

L

LA: land-atmosphere
LAAPTOF: laser ablation aerosol particle time-of-flight mass spectrometer
LABLE: Lower Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment
LAC: light-absorbing carbon
LACIS: Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator
LACO: Laboratory for Aerosol and Cloud Optics
LAFE: Land-Atmosphere Feedback Experiment
LAI: leaf area index
LAII: land-atmosphere-ice-interactions
Lake-ICE: Lake-Induced Convection Experiment
LAMPAS: laser mass analysis of particles in the airborne state
LAMS: limited area models
LANCE: Land, Atmosphere Near real-time Capability for EOS (NASA)
LANDSAT-TM: Land Satellite Thematic Mapper
LANL: Los Alamos National Laboratory
LAOC: light-absorbing organic carbon
LAPS: Local Analysis and Prediction System or light-absorbing particles
LARC: Langely Research Center (NASA)
LAS: laser aerosol spectrometer
LASE: Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment
LASIC: Layered Atlantic Smoke Interactions with Clouds
LASPLAST: Leicester Along-Track Scanning Radiometer and Sea Surface Temperature Radiometer Processor for Land Surface Temperature
LASSO: LES ARM Symbiotic Simulation and Observation
LBA: Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia
LBCL: liquid-bearing cloud layer
LBL: line-by-line
LBLRTM: Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model
LBNL: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
LBTM: Layered Bispectral Threshold Method
LCHLS: Land Cover Heterogeneity Length Scale
LCL: lifting condensation level
LDAR: Lightning Detection and Ranging
LDAS: Land Data Assimilation Project
LDEO: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
LDI: laser desorption ionization
LDIS: laser disdrometer
LDLS: laser-driven light source
LDN: Lightening Detection Network (U.S.)
LDR: linear depolarization ratio
LE: latent energy
LEADEX: Lead Experiment
LED: light-emitting diode
LED-CE-DOAS: light-emitting diode cavity-enhanced differential optical absorption spectroscopy
LEM: Lagrangian-Eulerian Model
LES: large-eddy simulation
LFC: level of free convection
LGM: last glacial maximum
LH: latent heat
LHF: latent heat flux
LI: lifted index
LIF: laser-induced fluorescence or laser-induced fluorescence
LIFT: Lidars in Flat Terrain Experiment
LII: laser-induced incandescence
LIM: linear inverse model
LIMS: Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere
LINDA: LED-Based Ice Nucleation Detection Apparatus
LIP or Lightning Instrument Package (NASA): localized intensification of precipitation
LIRAD: lidar-infrared radiometer
LIS: Land Information System (NASA)
LITE: Lidar In-space Technology Experiment
LLJ: low-level jet
LLNL: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
LMA: Lightning Mapping Array
LMB: level of maximum buoyancy
LMD: Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique or level of maximum detrainment
LMMS: laser microprobe mass spectrometry
LMOS: Lake Michigan Ozone Study
LMS: least median squares
LN: liquid nitrogen
LNA: low noise amplifier
LNB: level of neutral buoyancy
LoCo: Local Land-Atmosphere Coupling project
LOD: limit of detection
LOESS: locally estimated scatterplot smoothing
LOPES: long path extinction spectrometer
LP DAAC: Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center
LPDM: Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model
LPI: low-pressure impactor
LPL: lifted parcel layer
LPM: liters per minute or laser precipitation monitor
LPRM: Land Parameter Retrieval Model
LPVEX: Light Precipitation Validation Experiment
LRT: long-range transport or local recommendation team
LRU: lowest replaceable units (spare/replacement parts)
LS-SP-AMS: light-scattering soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer
LS3MIP: Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison Program
LSAT: land surface air temperature
LSCE: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement (France)
LSE: land surface emissivity
LSFEM: least-squares finite element method
LSM: land surface model
LSN: light snow
LSP: land surface parameterization or light scattering particle
LST: local solar time or local standard time or land surface temperature
LTE: local thermodynamic equilibrium
LTER: Long-Term Ecological Research Network
LTS: lower tropospheric stability
LUC: land use category
LUCID: Land-Use and Climate, IDentification of robust impacts
LUE: light use efficiency
LULCC: land use and land cover change
LUMIP: Land Use Model Intercomparison Project
LUT: look up table
LV-OOA: low-volatility oxygenated organic aerosol
LVOC: low-volatility organic compound
LW: longwave
LWC: liquid water content
LWCF: longwave cloud forcing
LWDN: Surface downward longwave radiation
LWE: liquid water equivalent
LWP: liquid water path
LWR: longwave radiation
LWSI: land surface water index
LWUP: surface upward longwave radiation

M

M-O: Monin-Obukhov
M-PACE: Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment
MAAP: multiple angle absorption photometer
MAAS: Multisensor Agile Adaptive Sampling
MABNAG: Model for Acid-Base chemistry in NAnoparticle Growth
MAC: mass absorption cross-section or mass absorption coefficient
MACC: Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate
MACE: Multi-Spectral Atmospheric Column Extinction
MACPEX: Middle Latitude Airborne Cirrus Properties Experiment
MADE: Model Aerosol Dynamics Model for Europe
MADRID: Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization, and Dissolution
MAE: mass absorption efficiency or mean absolute error
MAERI: marine atmospheric emitted radiance interferometer
MAGIC: Marine ARM GPCI Investigation of Clouds
MAGICC: Measurement of Atmospheric Gases Influencing Climate Change
MAIAC: Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MODIS)
MALS: multi-angle elastic light scattering
MAM: Modal Aerosol Module
MAPP: Modeling, Analysis, Prediction and Projection (NOAA program) or microphysical aerosol properties from polarimetry
MAPR: multiple antenna profiling radar
MAPS: Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System
MAQNET: multi-scale air quality network (no longer in use)
MARCUS: Measurement of Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds over the Southern Oceans
MAS: MODIS airborne simulator
MASC: Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera
MASE: MArine Stratus Experiment
MASRAD: Marine Stratus Radiation Aerosol and Drizzle
MAST: Monterey Area Ship Track Experiment
MATCH: Model for Atmosphere Transport and Chemistry
MAX-Mex: Megacity Aerosol eXperiment - Mexico City
MBA: marine biogenic aerosol
MBE: mean bias error
MBL: marine boundary layer
MC3E: Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment
MCAO: marine cold air outbreak
MCBH: multiple cloud base height
MCC: mesoscale convective complex or mesoscale cellular convection
MCE: modified combustion efficiency or mesoscale cloud ensemble
MCICA: Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation
MCIDAS: man-computer interactive data analysis system
MCM: Master Chemical Mechanism
MCMC: Markov chain Monte Carlo
MCMS: Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Climatology of Midlatitude Storminess database (NASA)
MCPC: mixing condensation particle counter
MCS: mesoscale convective system
MCSST: multichannel sea surface temperature
MCTEX: Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment
MDF: model-data fusion
MDFA: microfluidic droplet freezing array
MDN: meta data navigator
mdr: minimum detectable radiance
MDS: meta data system
MDTERP: Maryland Terrestrial Radiation Package
MDV: mean Doppler velocity
ME: modulation efficiency
MED: mass equivalent diameter
MEE: mass extinction efficiency
MEFO: Manitou Experimental Forest Observatory
MEGAN: Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature
MEIC: Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China
MERIS: medium-resolution imaging spectrometer
MERRA: Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications
MESH: maximum expected size of hail
MET: Meteorological Instrumentation at AMF
MetUM: Met Office Unified Model (UK)
MEX: Mexico City
MFC: moisture flux convergence or mass flow controller
MFP: mean-free-path
MFR: multi-filter radiometer
MFRIRT: multifilter radiometer and infrared thermometer
MFRSR: multi-filter rotating shadowband radiometer
MHS: Microwave Humidity Sounder
MHz: megahertz
MICA: Morphological Index of Convective Aggregation
MICRE: Macquarie Island Cloud and Radiation Experiment
MidCiX: Midlatitude Cirrus Experiment
MILAGRO: Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations
MIMD: multiple instruction multiple data
miniSPLAT: miniaturized single-particle mass spectrometer
MINT: Microfluidic Ice Nucleation Technique
MINX: MISR Interactive Explorer
MIP: model intercomparison project
MIPS: mobile integrated profiling system
MIR: millimeter-wave imaging radiometer
MIRAGE: Model for Integrated Research on Atmospheric Global Exchanges
MIROC: Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate
MIRS: Microwave Integrated Retrieval System
MISI: Marine Ice Sheet Instability
MISMO: Mirai Indian Ocean Cruise for the Study of the MJO Convection Onset
MISO: monsoon intraseasonal oscillation
MISR: multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer
MISS: mobile integrated sounding system
MIST: multiple instruments stackable tower
MIZ: marginal ice zone
MIZOPEX: Marginal Ice Zone Observations and Processes Experiment
MJO: Madden-Julian Oscillation
MJY: Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (a PBL modeling scheme)
ML: mixing layer or melting layer or machine learning
MLC: multi-layer clouds
MLD: mixed-layer depth
MLR: multinominal logistic regression
MLS: mid-latitude summer or microwave limb sounder
MLW: mid-latitude winter
MM: mobile mesonet
MM5: Mesoscale Meteorology model version 5
MMCR: millimeter wave cloud radar or multimode cloud radar
MMD: mean mass diameter
MMF: multi-scale modeling framework
MMIC: monolithic microwave integrated circuit
MMR: mass mixing ratio
MMTP: microwave temperature profiler
MNMB: modified normalized mean biases
MNSP: multiplicative-noise stochastic physics
MOA: marine organic aerosol or memorandum of agreement
MOAPP: Multi-Object Analysis of Atmospheric Phenomenon
MOAS: Microwave Oxygen Absorption Study
MOC: meridional overturning circulation
MOCCHA: Microbiology-Ocean-Cloud Coupling in the High Arctic
MODIS: moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer
MODM: monochromatic optical depth
MODTRAN: moderate-resolution atmospheric radiance and transmittance model
MOHC: Met Office Hadley Centre (UK)
MOI: micro-orifice impactor
MOLTS: model output location time series
MOONLIGHT: Monoterpene and Oxygenated aromatic Oxidation at Night and under LIGHTS
MOP: memorandum of participation
MOPA: master oscillator power amplifier
MOPC: miniaturized optical particle counter
MOPD: maximum optical path difference
MOPEX: Model Parameter Estimation Experiment
MOPITT: measurements of pollution in the troposphere
MOR: Meteorological Optical Range
MOSAIC: Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry or Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate
MOST: Monin-Obukhov similarity theory
MOU: memorandum of understanding
MOUDI: micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor
MOUDI-DFT: Multi-Orifice Uniform Deposition Impaction - Droplet Freezing Technique
MOVI: micro-orifice volatilization impactor
MOZAIC: Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus in-service Aircraft
MOZART: Model for Ozone and Related chemical Tracers
MPAS: Model for Prediction Across Scales
MPC: mixed-phase cloud
MPE: maximum permisiable exposure or multisensor precipitation estimate
MPEG: Moving Picture Expert Group file format
MPEX: Mesoscale Predictability Experiment
MPI: Max Planck Institute or Message Passing Interface
MPI-M: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
MPIC: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
MPIR: multi-spectral pushbroom imaging radiometer
MPL: micropulse lidar
MPM: Millimeter-wave Propagation Model
MPSS: mobility particle size spectrometer
MRAS: mesoscale radiatively-induced anvil spreading
MRC: Mission Research Corporation
MRDSS: McGill Radar Doppler Spectra Simulator
MRF: medium-range forecast
MRG: mixed Rossby-gravity
MRI: Meteorological Research Institute (Japan) or magnetic resonance imaging
MRMS: multi-radar multi-sensor
MRO: maximum-random overlap
MRR: micro rain radar
MS: marine stratus
MS-DA: Multiscale Data Assimilation
MSC: multichannel scaler card
MSE: moist static energy
MSFES: Mie solution for equivalent spheres
MSG: Meteosat Second Generation
MSL: mean sea level
MSLP: mean sea level pressure
MSMM: measurement system maturity matrix
MSS: multi-spectral scanner
MSSA: multi-channel singular spectral analysis
MsTMIP: Multi-scale Synthesis & Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project
MSX: Mid-Course Space Experiment
MTBS: Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity data set
MTP: microwave temperature profiler
MTVDI: Modified Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index
MUCAPE: most unstable convective available potential energy
MUCIN: most-unstable convective inhibition
MWISP: Mount Washington Icing Sensors Program
MWMFOC: multi-wavelength multifield of view
MWR: microwave radiometer
MWR3C: microwave radiometer, 3-channel
MWRP: microwave radiometer profiler
MWSR: microwave water substance radiometer
MYNN: Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino planetary boundary-layer parameterization scheme

N

N-ICE: Norwegian Young Sea Ice Experiment
NAAMES: North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecoystems Study
NAAPS: Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System
NAAQS: National Ambient Air Quality Standard
NAB: National Allergy Bureau
NADA: North American Drought Atlas
NAEI: National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (UK)
NAIS: neutral air ion spectrometer
NALMA: North Alabama Lightning Mapping Array
NAM: North American Model or Northern Annular Mode
NAME: Nocturnal Avian Migration Experiment or North American Monsoon Experiment
NAMMA: NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses
NAMS: nanoaerosol mass spectrometer
NAO: North Atlantic Oscillation
NARCCAP: North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program
NARE: North Atlantic Regional Experiment
NARL: Naval Arctic Research Laboratory
NARR: North American Regional Reanalysis
NAS: National Academy of Science (U.S.)
NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASCENT: Ny-Alesund Aerosol Cloud Experiment
NASDA: Japanese National Space Development Agency
NAST-I: NPOESS Aircraft Sounding Testbed-Interferometer
NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NAVGEM: Navy Global Environmental Model
NAVMETOC: Naval Meteorology and Oceanography
NBL: nocturnal boundary layer
NBP: net biosphere productivity
NCAR: National Center for Atmospheric Research
NCAS: NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences or National Centre for Atmospheric Science (UK)
NCC: Norwegian Climate Centre
NCCS: NASA Center for Climate Simulation
NCDC: National Climatic Data Center
NCEI: National Centers for Environmental Information
NCEO: National Centre for Earth Observation (UK)
NCEP: National Centers for Environmental Prediction
NCEP GFS: National Centers for Environmental Prediction Forecasting System
NCFR: narrow cold-front rainband
NCO: Nepal Climate Observatory
NCP: Normalized Coherent Power
NCSS: National Cooperative Soil Survey
NDACC: Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change
NDBC: National Data Buoy Center
NDFD: National Digital Forecast Database
NDIR: nondispersive infrared
NDNR: normalized differences of nadir reflectivity
NDSVI: normalized difference senescent vegetation index
NDTI: normalized difference tillage index
NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
NEAQS: New England Air Quality Study
NEAX: Northeast Aerosol Experiment
NED: National Elevation Dataset
NEDIS: National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NOAA)
NEE: net ecosystem exchange
NEI: National Emissions Inventory (U.S. EPA)
NEON: National Ecological Observatory Network
NEP: noise equivalent power or net ecosystem production
NEPA: National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
NEPTUNE: Navy Environmental Prediction System Using a Nonhydrostatic Engine
NERC: National Environment Research Council (UK)
NERSC: National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (DOE)
NESDIS: National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
NetCDF: Network Common Data Form
NEWS: NASA Energy and Water cycle Study
NEXAFS: near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure
NEXRAD: next-generation weather radar
NFOV: narrow field of view
NGA: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
NGEE: Next-Generation Ecological Experiment or Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments
NGGPS: Next-Generation Glo0bal Prediction System (NOAA)
NGMS: Normalized Gross Moisture Stability
NGRIP: North Greenland Ice Core Project
NGS: National Geodetic Survey
NGWOS: Next Generation Water Observing System (USGS)
NH-SCE: Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent data set
NIC: noninductive charging
NICAM: Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model
NIDIS: National Integrated Drought Information System
NIDS: NEXRAD Information Dissemination Service
NIEHS: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
NIES: Nauru Island Effect Study or National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan)
NIGEC: National Institute for Global Environmental Change
NightFOX: Nighttime Fire Observations eXperiment
NILU: Norwegian Institute for Air Research
NIMFR: normal incidence multifilter radiometer
NIP: normal incidence pyrheliometer
NIPA: nonlocal independent pixel approximation
NIR: near infrared
NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology
NLCD: National Land Cover Database
NLDAS: National Land Data Assimilation System
NLDN: National Lightning Detection Network
NLLJ: nocturnal low-level jet
NMASS: nucleation mode aerosol size spectrometer
NMB: normalized mean bias
NMC: National Meteorological Center
NMI: nonlinear multiscale interaction
NMQ: National Mosaic and Multisensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation project
NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance
NMVOC: non-methane volatile organic compound
NNLS: non-negative least squares
NOA: nitrogen-enriched organic aerosol
NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Noah-MP: Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options
NOCS: National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (UK)
NOGAPS: Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System
NOMADS: National Operational Model Archive and Distribution System (NOAA)
NORAD: North American Aerospace Defense Command
NORAPS: Navy Operational Regional Prediction System
NPF: new particle formation
NPFS: New Particle Formation Study
NPGO: North Pacific Gyre Oscillation
NPI: Norwegian Polar Institute
NPOESS: National Polar orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System
NPOL: NASA Polerametric radar site in rutherford County, North Carolina
NPP: Net Primary Productivity
NR: noonrefractory
NRB: normalized relative backscatter
NRBC: NCAR radiation bias correction
NRCS: Natural Resources Conservation Service or normalized radar cross-section
NREL: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
NRT: near-real time
NSA: North Slope of Alaska
NSA/AAO: North Slope of Alaska and Adjacent Arctic Ocean
NSB: North Slope Borough
NSE: Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency
NSERC: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada)
NSF: National Science Foundation
NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center
NSRDB: National Solar Radiation Data Base
NSSL: National Severe Storms Laboratory
NSST: near-surface sea temperature
NSTC: National Science and Technology Council
NSWR: net shortwave radiation
NT: nontornadic storm
NTBC: narrow-to-broadband-conversion
NTP: Network Time Protocol
NU-WRF: NASA Unified Weather Research and Forecasting model
NUCAPS: NOAA-Unique Combined Atmospheric Processing System
NVAP: NASA Water Vapor Project
NVDI: normalized difference vegetation index
NWCSAF: Nowcasting Satellite Application Facilities (EUMETSAT)
NWO: Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
NWP: numerical weather prediction
NWRT: National Weather Radar Testbed
NWS: National Weather Service

O

OA: organic aerosol
OAII: Ocean-Atmosphere-Ice-Interactions
OAP: optical array probe
OASIS: Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea-Ice-Snow experiment or Optical Array Shadow Imaging Software
OBER: Office of Biological and Environmental Research
OC: organic carbon
OC-CCI: Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative
OceanRAIN: Ocean Rainfall and Ice-phase Precipitation Measurement Network
OCO: Orbiting Carbon Observatory
OCS: Oklahoma Climatological Society
OD: optical depth
ODAS: Ocean Data Assimilation System
ODE: ozone depletion event or ordinary differential equation
ODEQ: Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality
ODR: Orthogonal Distance Regression
ODS: ozone-depleting substance
ODV: optical detection volume
OFR: oxidation flow reactor
OGP: Office of Global Programs
OHC: ocean heat content
OHF: ocean heat flux
OIN: other inorganic material
OISISAF: Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility
OISST: Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature
OKM: Oklahoma Mesonet
OLCI: Ocean and Land Colour Instrument
OLR: outgoing longwave radiation
OLYMPEX: Olympic Mountain Experiment
OM: organic matter
OMAERUV: OMI/Aura Aerosol Optical Thickness & Single Scattering
OMB: Office of Management and Budget
OMI: Ozone Monitoring Instrument
OMIP: Ocean Models Intercomparison Project
OMT: ortho-mode transducer
OMWOG: Oceans-based Measurements Working Group
ONI: Oceanic Nino Index
ONR: Office of Naval Research
OOA: oxygenated organic aerosol
OPAC: Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds software package
OPALS: open-path ammonia laser sensor
OPC: optical particle counter
OPERA: Operational Program on the Exchange of Weather Radar Information
OPSS: optical particle sizing system
OPTICS: Ordering Points to Identify the Clustering Structure
ORACLES-2016: Observations of Aerosols above Clouds and their Interactions-2016
ORCAS: O2/N2 Ratio and CO2 Airborne Southern Ocean
ORG: optical rain gauge
ORNL: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
ORR: Operational Readiness Review
OSNAP: Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program
OSS: Operations Status System or optical spectral sampling
OSSE: observing system simulation experiment
OSTIA: Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis
OSU: Oklahoma State University
OTDMA: organic tandem differential mobility analyzer
OTREC: Organization of Tropical East Pacific Convection
OVF: organic volume fraction
OVOC: oxygenated volatile organic compound

P

PA: photoacoustic
PABSI: profiling oxygen A-band spectrometer/visible integer
PACE: Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem (NASA)
PAH: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
PalEON: Paleo-Ecological Observatory Network
PALMS: particle analysis by laser mass spectrometry
PALS: Protocol for the Analysis for Land Surface models
PAM: portable automated mesonet
PAMARCMiP: Polar Airborne Measurements and Arctic Regional Climate Model Simulation Project
PAMR: profiling airborne microwave radiometer
PAMTRA: Passive and Active Microwave radiative TRAnsfer model
PAPE: perturbation available potential energy
PAQS: Pittsburgh Air Quality Study
PAR: photosynthetically active radiation or phased array radars
PaRaDIso: Payerne Radar and Isotopes
PARAGON: Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network
PARSEC: Pseudo-Adiabatic bin-micRophySics university of Exeter Cloud parcel model
PARSIVEL: Particle Size and Velocity disdrometer
PARSL: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Atmospheric Remote Sensing Laboratory
PartMc-MOSAIC: Particle Monte Carlo-Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry
PAS: photo-acoustic absorption spectrometer or photoacoustic soot spectrometer
PAS2000CE: photoelectric aerosol sensor
PASCAL: Physical Feedbacks of Arctic Planetary Boundary Level Sea Ice, Cloud and Aerosol
PASS: Parameterization of Subgrid Scale or photoacoustic soot spectrometer
PASS-3: 3-wavelength photo-acoustic soot spectrometer
PAX: photoacoustic extinctiometer
PBAP: primary biological aerosol particle
PBL: planetary boundary layer
PBLH: planetary boundary-layer height
PBO: Plate Boundary Observatory
PCASP: passive cavity aerosol spectrometer probe
PCB: printed circuit board
PCCP: Point Cloud of Cloud Points (ARM value-added product)
PCI: pressure control inlet
PCMDI: Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison
PCN: Permafrost Carbon Network
PCP: programmable compressor package
PCR: polymerase chain reaction
PCTM: Parameterized Chemical Transport Model
PCVI: pumped counterflow virtual impactor
PCWV: partial column water vapor
PDA: phase Doppler anemometry
PDF: probability distribution function or probability density function or Portable Document Format
PDI: phase Doppler interferometry
PDL: polarization diversity lidar
PDO/PCV: Pacific Decadal Oscillation/Variability
PDR: Preliminary Design Review
PDSI: Palmer drought severity index
PDV: Pacific Decadal Variability
PECAN: Plains Elevated Convection at Night
PEEX: Pan Eurasian Experiment
PEGASO: Plankton-derived Emissions of trace Gases and Aerosols in the Southern Ocean
PEGASUS: PNNL Eulerian Gas and Aerosol Scalable Unified System
PEM: Pacific Exploratory Mission
PERSIANN: Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks
PET: potential evapotranspiration
PETM: Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum
PF: precipitation frequency
PFP: programmable flask package
PFT: plant functional type
PGF: Princeton Global Forcing
PGS: Precision Carbon Dioxide Mixing Ratio System or precision gas system
PHI: probabilistic hazard information
PHIPS: Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering probe (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)
PI: principal investigator
PI-Neph: Polarized Imaging Nephelometer
PIA: path-integrated attenuation
PICASSO: Parameterizing Ice Clouds using Airborne obServationS and triple-frequency dOppler
PICASSO-CENA: Pathfinder Instruments for Cloud and Aerosol Spaceborne Observations-Climatologie Etendue des Nuages et des Aerosols
PID: particle identification algorithm
PIER Plan: Promoting Inclusive and Equitable Research Plan
PIF: problem identification form
PILPS: Project for the Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes
PILS: particle-into-liquid sampler
PILS-IC: particle-into-liquid sampler coupled to ion chromatographs
PINE: Portable Ice Nucleation Experiment
PIOMAS: Pan-arctic Ice/Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System
PIP: Particle Imaging Package (NASA) or precipitation imaging package or primary ice production
PIR: precision infrared radiometer
PIRAQ: PC-integrated acquisition system
PISA: PECAN Integrated Sounding Array
PISTON: Propagation of Intraseasonal Oscillations
PIV: particle image velocimetry
PIXE: proton-induced X-ray emission
PKE: perturbation kinetic energy
PLSH: Process-based Land Surface Evapotranpiration/Heat Fluxes algorithm
PLUMBER: PALS Land Surface Model Benchmarking Evaluation Project
PM: particulate matter
PMEL: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
PMF: positive matrix factorization
PMIP: Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project
PML: perfectly matched layer or Penman-Monteith-Leuning model
PMM: Pacific Measurement Mission (NASA)
PMO: Pico Mountain Observatory
PMS: particle measuring system
PMW: passive microwave
PNC: particle number concentration
PNG: Portable Network Graphics file format or Papua New Guinea
PNNL: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
PNSD: particle number size distribution
POA: primary organic aerosol
POC: particulate organic carbon
POD: probability of detection
PODAAC: Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (JPL)
POES: polar orbiting environmental satellite
POFA: probability of false alarm
POLARCAT: Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport
POLARIS: Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer
POLDER: Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances
POLMIP: POLARCAT Model Intercomparison Project
POM: primary organic matter or particulate organic matter
POP: Parallel Ocean Program
POPEYE: Profiling at Oliktok Point to Enhance YOPP Experiments
POPS: printed optical particle spectrometer or portable optical particle spectrometer
POSIDON: Pacific Oxidants, Sulfur, Ice, Dehydration, and Convection Experiment
PPA: plane parallel approximation
PPI: plan position indicator
PPP: point-to-point protocol
PR: precipitation radar
PRB: Problem Review Board
PRE-STORM: Preliminary Regional Experiment for Stormscale Operational and Research Meteorology
Pre-VOCA: Preliminary VOCALS model Assessment
PRF: pulse repetition frequency
PRIMAVERA: Process-Based Climate Simulation: Advances in High-Resolution Modelling and European Climate Risk Assessment
PRISM: Parameter elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model
PROBE: Pilot Radiation Observation Experiment
PROF: profile
Promis: Program for an Operational Meteorological Information System (Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute)
PRP: Portable Radiation Package or phase retarding plate
PRR: pre-readiness review
PRT: pulse repetition time
PSA: particle surface area
PSAP: particle/soot absorption photometer
PSC: polar stratospheric cloud
PSD: particle size distribution or power spectral density
PSL: photo-stimulated luminescence or polystyrene latex
PSP: precision spectral pyranometer
PSR-EBL: Picosecond Short-Range Elastic Backscatter Lidar
PSU: Pennsylvania State University
PTI: photo-thermal interferometer or precipitation type index
PTIR: photothermal infrared spectroscopy
PTR-MS: proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer
PTR-ToF-MS: proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer
PV or photovoltaic: potential vorticity
PVI: particle video imager
PVM: particle volume monitor
PW: precipitable water
PWD: present weather detector
PWGA: population-weighted global average
PWRF: Polar Weather Research and Forecasting
PWS: present weather sensor
PWV: precipitable water vapor
PX: Pleim-Xiu model
PYE: Point Reyes, California

Q

Q-AMS: quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer
QBO: Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
QC: Quality Control
QCL: quantum cascade laser
QCLCD: Quality Controlled Local Climatological Data (NOAA)
QCRAD: Data Quality Assessment for ARM Radiation Data value-added product
QFF: quartz fiber filter
QHA: quasi-harmonic approximation
QL: Quantitative Links
QME: Quality Measurement Experiment
QMOM: quadrature method of moments
QMS: quadrupole mass spectrometer
QNSE: quasi-normal scale elimination
QPE: Quantitative Precipitation Estimation
QPF: quantitative precipitation forecast
QuikSCAT: Quick Scatterometer
QVP: quasi-vertical profile

R

R/V: research vessel
r^e: effective radius
RACM: regional atmospheric chemistry mechanism
RACORO: Routine AAF Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths (CLOWD) Optical Radiative Observations
RAD: Radiation Measurements at AMF
RADAGAST: Radiative Divergence using AMF, GERB and AMMA Stations
RAM: random access memory or root-zone available moisture
RAMCES: Reseau atmospherique de mesure des composes a effet de serre
RAMIX: Radon Measurements of Atmospheric Mixing
RAMS: regional atmospheric modeling system
RAOB: radiosonde observation
RAOS: Reno Aerosol Optics Study
RAP: Rapid Refresh model (NCEP)
RAPRAD: rapid radiation transfer model
RASER: radio-frequency amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
RASS: radio acoustic sounding system
RAW: data file created by an instrument
RAWS: Remote Automated Weather Stations
RaXPol: Rapid X-band Polarimetric Radar
RBF: radial basis function
RBL: remote balloon launching
RCC: radiometer calibration and characterization
RCCL: Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines
RCE: radiative-convective equilibrium
RCF: radiometer calibration facility
RCS: remote cloud sensing
RCSA: revised convective stratiform anvil
RDG-FA: Rayleigh-Debye-Gans for Fractal-Aggregates theory
RDI: rotating drum impactor
RDP: Research and Development Project
REA: relaxed-eddy accumulation
REB: radiative energy budget
REBS: radiation energy balance system
RED: relative Euclidean distance
REDDIC: Retrieval of Entrainment and Droplet Density in Cumulus
REE: rainwater entire evaporation
REFIR-PAD: Radiation Explorer in the Far-Infrared-Prototype for Applications and Development
RegCM2: regional climate model, Version 2 (NCAR)
RELAMPAGO: Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, and Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations
REPA: retrieved effective particle absorption
REPS: retrieved effective particle size
RESET: Regional Service Team (TWP)
REx: VOCALS Regional Experiment
RF: radio frequency
RFA: radiative flux analysis
RFD: relative frequency distribution
RFE: radiative forcing efficiency
RFO: relative frequency of occurrence
RGA: reduction gas analyzer or Rayleigh-Gans approximation
RH: relative humidity
RHC: relatively highly reactive hydrocarbon
RHI: range-height indicator
RHR: radiative heating rate
RHUBC: Radiative Heating in Underexplored Bands Campaign
RHUBC-II: Radiative Heating in Underexplored Bands Campaign, Phase II
RI: refractive index
RICO: Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean
RIE: relative ionization efficiency
RIGC: Research Institute for Global Change (JAMSTEC)
RINEX: Receiver Independent Exchange Format
RIS: Ross Ice Shelf
RISC: Russian Ice Station Comparison
RISCAM: Routine In Situ Cloud and Aerosol Measurements
RK: residual kriging
RL: Raman lidar
RLWP: rain liquid water path
RMA: reduced-major-axis
RMBL: Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory
RML: restricted maximum likelihood
RMM: real-time multivariate MJO
rms: root mean square
RMSE: root-mean-square error
RMW: radius of maximum wind
RNN: Recurrent Neural Network
RO: radio occultation
ROCS: Rocky Mountain Organic Carbon Study
ROI: radius of influence
ROM: rough order of magnitude or regional oxidant model
RoMBAS: Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study
ROME: Radar Organization Metric
RONOCO: Role of Night-time chemistry in controlling the Oxidising Capacity Of the atmosphere (U.K. university project)
ROSR: remote ocean surface radiometer
RPA: remotely piloted aircraft
RPC: Representative Concentration Pathway
RPH: roll, pitch, and heave
RPV: remotely piloted vehicles
RR: rain rate
RRC: rainfall-rate criteria
RRFS: Rapid Refresh Forecast System
RRHO: rigid rotor-harmonic oscillator
RRM: regionally refined model
RRTM: rapid radiative transfer model
RRTMG: Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for Global Climate Models
RSD: relative standard deviation
RSM: Regional Spectral Model
RSMAS: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
RSMS: rapid single-particle mass spectrometer
RSP: research scanning polarimeter
RSS: rotating shadowband spectroradiometer
RT: radiative transfer
RTA: residence time analysis
RTD: resistive temperature device or resistance temperature detector
RTM: radiative transfer model
RTMA: Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis
RUC: rapid update cycle
RV: research vessel
RVS: Riverside, California
RWC: rain water content
RWP: radar wind profiler
RWS: Rossby wave source
RZSM: root-zone soil moisture

S

S-HIS: scanning high-resolution interferometer sounder
S-XRF: synchrotron-induced X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
S2D: seasonal to decadal
S2S: sub-seasonal to seasonal
SABL: scanning aerosol backscatter lidar
SABLE: Surface Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment
SABOR: Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research
SAC: Site Advisory Committee
SACOL: Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University
SACZ: southern Atlantic convergence zone
SAE: scattering Angstrom exponent
SAFIRE: Service des Avions Francais Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement
SAGE: Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment or Sunlight Absorption on the Greenland Ice Sheet Experiment
SAIC: Science Application International Corporation
SAIL: Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory
SAILS: Supplemental Adaptive Intravolume Low-Level Scan
SAL: supercontinuum absorption lidar or Saharan air layer
SALLJ: South American low-level jet
SAM: Sun and Aureole Measurement or System for Atmospheric Modeling or Southern Annular Mode
SAMD: Standardized Atmospheric Measurement Data
SAMEX: Storm and Mesoscale Ensemble Experiment or System for Atmospheric Modeling-Explicit Microphysics
SAMSON: Solar and Meteorological Surface Observational Network (NOAA)
SAO: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
SAOD: stratospheric aerosol optical depth
SAON: Sustaining Arctic Observing Networks
SAPHIR: Sondeur Atmospherique du Profil d'Humidite Intertropicale par Radiometrie
SAPRC: Statewide Air Pollution Research Center (University of California)
SAR: synthetic aperture radar or search and rescue
SARA: Simplified Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm
SARB: Surface and Atmospheric Radiation Budget
SARGAN: in-Situ AeRosol GAW observing Network
SARS: Site Access Request System
SAS: sub-arctic summer or Simplified Arakawa-Schubert
SatCORPS: Satellite Cloud and Radiation Property retrieval System
SAV: surface-area-to-volume ratio
SAW: sub-arctic winter
SBCAPE: surface-based convective available potential energy
SBD: short-burst data
SBDART: Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer
SBIR: Small Business Innovation Research (grant)
SBJ: Sierra Barrier Jet
SBL: stable boundary layer
SBM: spectral bin microphysics
SBRO: Stony Brook University - Brookhaven National Laboratory Radar Observatory
SBUV: solar backscatter ultraviolet radiometer
Sc: stratocumulus
SCAI: Simple Cloud Aggregation Index
SCAM: Single-Column Atmosphere Model
SCAN: Soil Climate Analysis Network
SCAR-B: Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation-Brazil
ScaRaB: Scanner for Radiation Budget
SCCN: size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei
SCE: stochastic collection equation
SCF: stability correction function
SCIAMACHY: Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography
SciDAC: Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (DOE)
SCLW: supercooled liquid water
SCM: single-column model
SCMS: Small Cumulus Microphysics Study
SCNNLS: smoothness constrained non-negative least squares
SCOPE: San Clemente Ocean Probing Experiment
SCOPS: Subgrid Cloud Overlap Profile Sampler
SCOW: Scatterometer Climatology of Ocean Winds
SCREAM: Simple Cloud-Resolving E3SM Atmosphere Model
SCSI: small computer system interface
SCSMEX: South China Sea Monsoon Experiment
SCT: stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition
SD: saturation departure
SDIRK: Singly Diagonally Implicit Runge-Kutta method
SDM: superdroplet method
SDS: site data system
SDSS: self-deploying surface sensor
SEAC4RS: Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys
SEARCH: Study of Environmental Arctic Change, Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization
SEB: surface energy budget
SEBEX: Sahelian Energy Balance Experiment
SEBN: Surface Energy Balance Network (NOAA ARL)
SEBS: Surface Energy Balance System
SEC: South Equatorial Current
SECC: South Equatorial Countercurrent
SEM: scanning electron microscopy
SERRS: surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy
SERS: surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
SESI: Science and Engineering Services, Inc.
SEVIRI: Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager
SFMR: stepped frequency microwave radiometer
SGI: Standardized Groundwater Index
SGMM: self-generating master mechanism
SGP: Southern Great Plains
SGS: subgrid-scale
SHADOZ: Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes network
SHARPpy: Sounding/Hodograph Analysis and Research Program in Python
SHAVE: Severe Hazard Analysis and Verification Experiment
SHAWMS: Soil Heat And Water Measurement System
ShCu: shallow cumulus
SHDOM: Spherical Harmonic Discrete Ordinate Method
SHEBA: Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (Subprogram of NSF ARCSS Oil)
SHF: sensible heat flux
SHIMS: Shortwave Hemispheric Irradiance Measurement System
SHIPPO: Shipborne Pole to Pole Observation
SHOC: simplified higher-order closure
SiB: Simple Biosphere Model
SiBCASA: simple biosphere Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach
SIBYL: Selective Iterated Boundary Location scheme
SIC: sea ice concentration
SICIMS: selected ion chemical ionization mass spectrometer
SIE: sea ice extent
SIMD: single instruction multiple data
SIMPLE: Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations
SIMS: secondary ion mass spectrometry
SINT: solar-infrared near-infrared technique
SIP: secondary ice production
SIPAM: System for the Protection of Amazonia
SIPEXII: Sea Ice P:hysics EXperiment
SIROS: solar and infrared observing system
SIRS: solar infrared radiation station
SIRTA: Site Instrumental de Recherche par Teled'etrection Armospherique
SISC: Science and Infrastructure Steering Committee
SISR: single-image super resolution
SIST: solar-infrared split-window technique
SITAC: Spectral Imagery Technology Applications Center
SKYRAD: sky radiometers on stand for downwelling radiation
SL: stable precipitation over land
SL3D: storm labeling n three dimensions
SLAM: Simple Land-Atmosphere Model
SLC: single-layer cloud
SLCF: short-lived climate forcer
SLCP: short-lived climate pollutants
SLP: sea level pressure
SLR: scanning Raman lidar
SLSTR: Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer
SLUCM: single-layer urban canopy model
SLWC: supercooled liquid water content
SM: soil moisture
SM-EF: soil moisture-evaporative fraction
SM-P: soil moisture-precipitation
SMACS: Smart Aerosonde Clusters
SMAP: Soil Moisture Active Passive mission (NASA)
SMART-HELIOS: Spectral Modular Airborne Radiation Measurement System--Helicopter-Borne Observations
SMART-R: Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radar
SMB: surface mass balance
SMC: stratiform mixed-phase cloud
SMCS: separated MCS
SMEAR: Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (Finland)
SMET: Surface Meteorological Instruments for TWP
SMHI: Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute
SMILES: simplified molecular-input line-entry system
SML: surface microlayer
SMM: soil moisture memory
SMMR: scanning multichannel microwave radiometer
SMOKE: Sparse Matrix Kernel Emissions model
SMOPS: Soil Moisture Operations Products System
SMOS: Surface Meteorological Observing Station or Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity
SMOSMANIA: Soil Moisture Observing System-Meteorological Automatic Network Integrated Application
SMPS: scanning mobility particle sizer
SNACS: Studies of the Northern Alaskan Coastal System
SNEX: Snowfall Experiment (BAECC)
SNICAR: Snow, Ice and Aerosol Radiation model
SNL: Sandia National Laboratories
SNOTEL: Snowpack Telemetry
SNPP: Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership
SNR: signal-to-noise ratio
SNT: severe nontornadic storm
SOA: secondary organic aerosol
SOAFFEE: Secondary Organic Aerosol From Forest Emissions Experiment
SOAG: semivolatile organic gas-phase species
SOAP: Surface Ocean Aerosol Production
SOAS: Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study
SoCAB: Southern California Air Basin
SOCCR: State of the Carbon Cycle Report
SOCEX1: Southern Ocean Cloud Experiment
SOCRATES: Suite of Community RAdiative Transfer Codes based on Edwards and Slingo or Southern Ocean Clouds Radiation Aerosol Transport Experimental Study
SOFEX: Southern Ocean Iron Experiment
SOFIA: Surface of the Ocean, Fluxes, and Interactions with the Atmosphere
SOI: Southern Oscillation Index
SOL: site operations log *Now known as metadata system (MDS)
SOM: slab ocean model or self-organizing map or Statistical Oxidation Model
SOP: special observing period
SOPAC: South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission
SORCE: Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment
SORGAM: Secondary Organic Aerosol Model
SORTI: solar radiance transmittance interferometer
SOS: Southern Oxidants Study
SOW: statement of work
SP-AMS: Soot Particle--Aerosol Mass Spectrometer
SP2: single-particle soot photometer
SP2-XR: single-particle soot photometer -- extended range
SPA: Storm-penetrating aircraft
SPADE: Separate Physics and Dynamics Experiment or Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols, and Dynamics Experiment
SPAR: Saccadic Phased Array Radar Sampling
SPARC: Space Science and Engineering Center Portable Atmospheric Research Center or Stratosphere-Troposphere Processes and Their Role in Climate
SPARTACUS: SPeedy Algorithm for Radiative TrAnsfer through CloUd Sides
SPARTAN: Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network
SPARTICUS: Small Particles in Cirrus
SPC: Storm Prediction Center (NOAA)
SPCZ: South Pacific convergence zone
SPEAR: Seamless System for Prediction and Earth System Research (NOAA)
SPECTRE: Spectral Radiance Experiment
SPEI: Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index
SPI: Standardized Precipitation Index or Swiss Polar Institute
SPICE: Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (WMO)
SPIE: Society of Photo-optic Instrumentation Engineers
SPIN: Spectrometer for Ice Nucleation
SPL: Storm Peak Laboratory
SPLAT: single-particle laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometer
SPLAT-II: second-generation single-particle laser ablation time-of-flight mass spectrometer
SPM: site program manager
SPN: sunshine pyranometer
SPPT: Stochastically Perturbed Parametrization Tendencies
SPREP: South Pacific Regional Environmental Program
SPRGN: South Pacific Regional GPS Network
SQI: signal quality index
SR-XRF: synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
SRB: surface radiation budget
SRDB: solar radiation dry bias
SRH: storm relative helicity
SRI: Standardized Runoff Index
SRL: scanning raman lidar
SRM: solar radiation modification
SRRB: Surface Radiation Research Branch (NOAA)
SRRL: Solar Radiation Research Laboratory (NREL)
SRTM: Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
SRW: Short Range Weather
SS: supersaturation
SSA: single-scattering albedo or sea spray aerosol
SSCL: suppressed shallow cloud regime
SSD: snowflake size distribution
SSEC: Space Science and Engineering Center
SSFR: solar spectral flux radiometer
SSHF: surface sensible heat flux
SSI: spectral solar irradiance or Standardized Streamflow Index
SSiB: Simplified Simple Biosphere Model
SSiB: simplified Simple Biosphere Model
SSIM: structural similarity index
SSM/I: special sensor microwave/imager
SSMI: Standardized Soil Moisture Index or Special Sensor Microwave Imager
SSMIS: special sensor microwave imager sounder
SSNT: significant severe nontornadic storm
SSP: scanning spectral polarimeter or sea spray particles or Shared Socioeconomic Pathway
SSPA: solid-state power amplifier
SSPM: stretched scattering potential method
SSRGA: self-similar Rayleigh-Gans approximation
SSRL: Solar Radiation Research Laboratory (NREL)
SSS: sea surface salinity
SSST: sea surface (skin) temperature
SST: sea-surface temperature
SSURGO: Soil Survey Geographic (database)
SSW: Sudden Stratospheric Warning
StaBLE: Stable Boundary Layer Education
STAC: size-to-area conversion or size and time-resolved aerosol collector
STAP: single-channel tricolor absorption photometer
START08: Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport 2008
STE: stratosphere-troposphere exchange
STEC: Science Team Executive Committee (no longer in use)
STEM: Sulfur Transport Eulerian Model or scanning transmission electron microscopy
STEPS: Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study
STI: simple tillage index
STILT: Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport
STIRPAT: STochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology
STORM-FEST: Stormscale Operational Research and Meteorology Fronts Experiment Systems Test
STORMVEX: Storm Peak Lab Cloud Property Validation Experiment
STP: standard temperature and pressure
STRAT: Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport
STXM/NEXAFS: scanning transmission X-ray microscopy with near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy
SUCCESS: Subsonic Aircraft Contrail and Cloud Effects Special Study
SUNY: State University of New York
SUPG: streamline upwind Petrov Galerkin method
SURFRAD: Surface Radiation Budget Network
SURTHREF: Surface Temperature and Humidity Reference System for Sondes
SUSMAP: Science Utilization of SMAP (NASA)
SV-OOA: semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol
SV-TAG: semi-volatile thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph
SVC: subvisible cirrus
SVD: singular value decomposition
SVI: snowflake video imager
SVOC: semi-volatile organic compound
SVOOA: semi-volatile oxygenated organic aerosol
SW: shortwave
SWACR: Scanning W-band ARM Cloud Radar
SWATS: soil water and temperature system
SWC: snow water content
SWCF: shortwave cloud forcing
SWDI: severe weather data inventory (NCEI)
SWDN: surface shortwave downward radiation
SWE: snow water equivalent
SWERUS-C3: Swedish-Rssian-U.S. Arctic Ocean Investigation of Climate-Cryosphere-Carbon Interactions
SWI: soil wetness index
SWIR: shortwave infrared
SWR: shortwave radiation
SWS: shortwave spectroradiometer
SWUP: surface upward shortwave radiation
SWV: slant water vapor
SZA: solar zenith angle

T

TAB: total attenuated backscattering
TACTIC: Tropospheric Aerosols for Climate in CNRM-CM
TAFTS: tropospheric airborne Fourier transform spectrometer
TAMS: Tracking Algorithm for Mesoscale Convective Systems
TAMU: Texas A&M University
TANSO-FTS: Thermal and Near infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation Fourier Transform Spectrometer
TAO: Tropical Atmosphere Ocean
TAO/TRITON: Tropical Atmosphere Ocean/Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network
TAOS: two-dimensional angular optical scattering
TAP: tropospheric aerosol particle
TAR: Tape ARchive
TARFOX: Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (1996)
TAS: true air speed
TAV: Tropical Atlantic Variability
TB: tar balls
TBI: tethered balloon system impactor
TBM: terrestrial biogeochemical model or terrestrial biosphere model
TBRG: tipping bucket rain gauge
TBS: tethered balloon system
TC: tropical cyclone
TC-RSR: thin-cloud rotating shadowband radiometer
TC4: Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling
TCAP: Two-Column Aerosol Project
TCC: total cloud cover
TCCON: Total Carbon Column Observing Network
TCEQ: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
TCIP: Transit Communications Interface Profiles
TCPIC: Trades Cumuli Precipitation Initiation and Characterization
TCR: transient climate response
TCWV: total column water vapor
TD: thermodenuder or thermal desorption
TD-LIF: thermal dissocation laser-induced fluorescence
TDCIMS: thermal desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometer
TDDR: total direct diffuse radiometer
TDL: Tactical Data Link or tunable-diode laser
TDLAS: tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer
TDMA: time division multiple access (from ARM acronym list); also tandem differential mobility analyzer
TDPBMS: thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometer
TDS: tornadic debris signature
TDWR: terminal Doppler weather radar (FAA)
TEA: transverse-excited atmospheric pressure
TEC: thermoelectric cooler
TEJ: tropical easterly jet
TEM: transmission electron microscope or trajectory ensemble model
TEM/EELS: transmission electron microscopy/electron energy loss spectroscopy
TERENO: Terrestrial Environmental Observatories
TERN: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
TERS: tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
TES: tropospheric emission spectrometer or thermal emission sounder or Terrestrial Ecosystem Science
TexAQS: Texas Air Quality Study
THF: turbulent heat flux
THOR: Thickness from Offbeam Returns
THORPEX: The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (no longer in use)
THWAPS: temperature, humidity, winds, and pressure system
TI: transverse ionization
TIBL: thermal internal boundary layer
TIC: total ion count
TICFIRE: Thin Ice Clouds in Far IR Experiment
TILDAS: Tunable Infrared Laser Differential Absorption Spectrometer
TIMEX: Thunderstorm Initiation Mobile Experiment
TIPA: tilted independent pixel approximation
TIR: thermal infrared
TIROS: television and infrared observation satellite
TITAN: Thunderstorm Identification, Tracking, Analysis, and Nowcasting
TIWE: Tropical Instability Wave Experiment
TKE: turbulent kinetic energy
TM: thematic mapper
TMI: Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager
TMPA: TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis
TOA: top of the atmosphere
TOAR: Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report
tobac: Tracking and Object-Based Analysis of Clouds
TOC: total organic carbon
TOCS: Tropical Ocean Climate Study
TOGA: trace organic gas analyzer
TOGA-COARE: Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere-Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment
TOMAS: TwO Moment Aerosol Sectional model
TOMS: total ozone mapping experiment spectrometer
TOPAZ: tunable ozone profiler for aerosol and ozone
TOPSE: Tropospheric Ozone Production by the Spring Equinox experiment
TOR: thermal/optical reflectance
TOVS: TIROS operational vertical sounder
TP: temperature profiling
TPD-DART-HRMS: temperature-programmed desorption-direct analysis in real-time, high-resolution mass spectrometry
TPPN: Trans-Pacific Profiler Network
TPS: total precipitation sensor
TPW: total precipitable water
TRAC: time-resolved aerosol collector
TRACE-A: Transport and Atmospheric Chemistry near the Equator-Atlantic
TRACE-P: Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific campaign (NASA)
TRACER: Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment
TRACER - ACE: Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment - Aerosol Characterization Experiment
TRACER - CAT: Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment - Carbonaceous Aerosol Thrust
TRACER - MAP: Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment - Mapping Aerosol across Houston
TRACER-UFI: Tracking Aerosol Convection Interactions Experiment - Ultrafine aerosol Formation & Impacts
TRI: Toxic Release Inventory (U.S. EPA)
TRL: technology readiness level
TRMM: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
TRMM-KWAJEX: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission-Kwajalein Experiment
TRMM-LBA: Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia
TROA: time-resolved optoacoustic (cell)
TROPOMI: Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument
TRRL: temperature rotational Raman lidar
TSBR: total solar broadband radiometer
TSI: total sky imager or total solar irradiance
TSP: total suspended particles
TTL: tropical tropopause layer
TUTT: tropical upper tropospheric trough
TUVR: total ultraviolet radiometer
TVC: total volume coverage
TVS: tornadic vortex signature
TWC: total water content or total water cloud
TWH: tropical western hemisphere
TWP: Tropical Western Pacific
TWP-ICE: Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment
TWST: three-waveband spectrally agile technique
TWT: traveling wave tubes
TWTA: Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier

U

UAS: uncrewed aerial system (preferred) or unmanned aerial system
UAV: uncrewed aerial vehicle (preferred) or unmanned aerial vehicle
UAV-AERI: miniaturized version of the ground-based AERI
UCAR: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
UCLA: University of California, Los Angeles
UCM: Urban Canopy Model
UCSD: University of California, San Diego
UDF: UAV demonstration flights
UEA: Universidade do Estado do Amazonia
UFP: ultrafine particles
UFS: Unified Forecast System
UFT: ultrafast thermometer
UHI: urban heat island
UHMA: University of Helsinki Multicomponent Aerosol model
UHSAS: ultra-high-sensitivity aerosol spectrometer
UIC: Ukpeagvik Iñupiat Corporation
UIF: UAV interim flight
UIR: upwelling infrared radiometer
UMBC: University of Maryland, Baltimore County
UMR: unit mass resolution
UNAVCO: University NAVSTAR Consortium
UNESCO: United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UNICON: unified convective scheme
UNIFAC: universal functional group activity coefficient
UPS: uninterruptable power supply
URIP: University Research Instrumentation Program
URL: Uniform Resource Locator
USAF: United States Air Force
USAP: United States Antarctic Program
USB: Universal Serial Bus
USCG: United States Coast Guard
USCRN: U.S. Climate Reference Network
USDA: U.S. Department of Agriculture
USGCRP: U.S. Global Change Research Program
USGEWEX: United States Global Energy and Water Exchanges
USGS: U.S. Geological Survey
USN: U.S. Navy
USP: Universidade de Sao Paulo
USR: upwelling solar radiation
UT: upper troposphere
UTH: upper tropospheric humidity
UV: ultraviolet
UV-APS: ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer
UVB: ultraviolet B
UVRL: ultraviolet Raman lidar
UVSR: ultraviolet spectral radiometer
UW-SSEC: University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center
UWIREMIS: University of Wisconsin Global Infrared Land Surface Emissivity
UWLCM: University of Warsaw Lagrangian Cloud Model

V

VACES: versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system
VAD: velocity-azimuth display
VAMOS: Variability of the American Monsoon System
VAP: value-added product
VarBC: variational bias correction
VBS: volatility basis set
VCEIL: Vaisala ceilometer
VCP: volume coverage pattern
VCSEL: vertical cavity surface emitting laser
VD: Doppler velocity
VDA: variational data assimilation
VDM: vegetation demographic model
VED: volume equivalent diameter
VESRI: Virtual Earth System Research Institute
VFR: volume fraction remaining or visual flight rules
VGA: video graphics array
VIF: variance inflation factor
VIIRS: Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite
VIMF: vertically integrated moisture flux
VIP: video integrator processor
VIPS: video ice particle sampler
VIRS: visible infrared scanning radiometer
VIS: visible or visible satellite imagery
VISST: visible infrared solar-infrared split-window technique
VLBI: very-long-baseline interferometry
VLF: very low frequency
VMR: volume mixing ratio
VNIR: visible/near infrared
VOAG: vibrating orifice aerosol generation
VOC: volatile organic carbon or volatile organic compound
VOCALS: VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study
VOCALS-REX: Variability of the American Monsoon System (VAMOS) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment
VOCAR: variation of coastal atmospheric refractivity
VORTEX-SE: Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment-Southeast
VOS/XBT: Voluntary Observing System Expendable Bathythermograph
VPD: vapor pressure deficit
VPN: virtual private network
VPR: vertically pointing radar
VR: variable-resolution
VSMOW: Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water
VSWIR: visble to shortwave infrared
VTLC: video time-lapsed camera
VTMX: Vertical Transport and Mixing Experiment
VUV: vacuum ultraviolet
VV: vertical velocity
VWD: vector wind difference
VWS: vertical wind shear
VZA: viewing zenith angle

W

WACCEM: Water Cycle and Climate Extremes Modeling
WACCM: Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model
WACR: W-band ARM Cloud Radar
WAIS: West Antarctic Ice Sheet
WAS: whole air sampling
WBF: Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen process
WBRG: weighing bucket rain gauge
WCB: warm conveyor belt
WCCAP: World Calibration Centre for Aerosol Physics (GAW)
WCL: Wyoming cloud lidar
WCM: water content monitor
WCPC: water-based condensation particle counter
WCR: Wyoming cloud radar
WCRP: World Climate Research Programme
WCT: wavelet covariance transform
WDCA: World Data Center for Aerosols
WDCGG: World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases
WDSS-II: Warning Decision Support System-Integrated Information
WETCHIMP: Wetland and Wetland CH4 Inter-comparison of Models Project
WFOV: wide field of view
WGNE: Working Group on Numerical Experimentation
WHOI: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
WHP: WOCE Hydrographic Program
WIBS: wide issue bioaerosol spectrometer or wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor
WIOC: water-insoluble organic carbon
WIS: Weather Information System (WMO)
WISG: World Infrared Standard Group
WISHE: wind-induced surface heat exchange
WISP: Winter Icing and Storms Project (NOAA)
WISPAR: Winter Storms and Pacific Atmospheric Rivers
WISPER: Water Isotope System for Precipitation and Entrainment Research
WiWB: Wiener water balance
WMO: World Meteorological Organization
WOCE: World Ocean Circulation Experiment
WoFS: Warn-on-Forecast System
WOOM: Wave One Ozone Maximum
WOUDC: World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre
WP: warm pool
WPDN: wind-profiler demonstration network
WPL: Wave Propagation Laboratory
WRAS: wide-range aerosol spectrometer
WRC: World Radiation Center
WRDC: World Radiation Data Centre
WRF: Weather Research and Forecasting (Model)
WRF-BEP: Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Building Effect Parameterization
WRF-Chem: chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model
WRF-LES: Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Large-Eddy Simulation
WRF-SFIRE: Weather Research and Forecasting fire-spread model
WRF-STILT: Weather Research and Forecasting-Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport
WRMC: World Radiation Monitoring Center
WRR: World Radiometric Reference
WSFO: Weather Service Forecast Office
WSG: World Standard Group
WSI: whole sky imager
WSOC: water-soluble organic compound
WSR-88D: weather surveillance radar-88 Dopplers
WSRA: wide-swath radar altimeter
WTG: weak temperature gradient
WUDAPT: World Urban Database and Access Portal Tool
WUS-D3: Western United States Dynamically Downscaled Dataset
WV: water vapor
WVDIAL: water vapor differential absorption lidar
WVM: water vapor mass
WVMR: water vapor mixing ratio
WVP: water vapor profiling or water vapor path
WVR: water vapor radiometer
WWLLN: World Wide Lightning Location Network
WWMCA: World-Wide Merged Cloud Analysis (USAF)
WWRP (WMO): World Weather Research Programme
WWW: World Weather Watch

X

X-SAPR: X-Band Scanning ARM Precipitation Radar
XANES: X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure spectroscopy
XBT: expendable bathythermograph
XDC: External Data Center (ARM)
XEDS: X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy
XPIA: Experimental Measurement Campaign: Planetary boundary layer Instrumentation Assessment
XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Y

YES: Yankee Environmental Systems
YIBs: Yale Interactive Terrestrial Biosphere model
YOPP: Year of Polar Prediction
YOTC: Year of Tropical Convection
YRD: Yangtze River Delta

Z

ZHD: zenith hydrostatic delay
ZPW: Zero Power Warming experiment
ZSS: Zvenigorod Scientific Station
ZTD: zenith total delay
ZWD: zenith wet delay

Acronyms

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