HOPE for clouds and precipitation
Authors
Ulrich Loehnert — University of Cologne
Andreas Behrendt — Hohenheim University
Susanne Crewell — University of Cologne
Kerstin Ebell — University of Cologne
Stefan Kinne — Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
Andreas Macke — Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften
Patric Seifert — Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research
Clemens Simmer — University of Bonn
Volker G. Wulfmeyer — Hohenheim University
Category
Field Campaigns
Description
- Microwave tomography of water vapor: three continuously scanning microwave radiometers will be operated simultaneously with a Raman lidar and a differential absorption lidar (DIAL) to capture the boundary-layer 3D water vapor structure within an area of roughly 5 km x 5 km during clear-sky conditions.
- Scanning cloud radar: Three cloud radars will be used to capture the spatio/temporal development of boundary-layer clouds by means of coordinated scanning procedures. Currently an integrated profiling algorithm for temperature, humidity, cloud water content (liquid water content [LWC]/ice water content [IWC]), and effective radius is being tested within a model environment. Next to combining passive and active microwave measurements from the surface, it can also include measurements from geostationary (i.e., Meteosat) as well as polar-orbiting (i.e., AMSU) satellites.
- Surface radiation balance network and radiative closure studies: a set of 100 low-cost pyranometers and several pyrgeometers will be distributed over the experiment area to observe the spatio/temporal variability of the downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation. The observed 3D LWC fields will be applied to 3D radiative transfer models in order to reproduce the observed radiation fluxes and to recover and quantify the effect of cloud inhomogeneity on cloud radiative forcing.