Integrated Cloud, Land-surface, and Aerosol System Study (ICLASS) Science Focus Area

 

Principal Investigators

Jerome Fast — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Larry Berg — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Adam Varble — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
John Shilling — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Co-Investigators

Jingyi Chen — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Johannes Muelmenstaedt — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Matthew Christiansen — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Mikhail Ovcinnikov — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Laura Fierce — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Yun Qian — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Zhe Feng — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Koichi Sakaguchi — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Brian Gaudet — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Manish Shrivastava — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Andrew Geiss — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Sheng-Lun Tai — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Samson Hagos — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Heng Xiao — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Gourihar Kulkarni — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Zhao Yang — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Ying Liu — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Rahul Zaveri — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Po-Lun Ma — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Alla Zelenyuk — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
James Marquis — Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Abstract

Rational and Challenges: Earth system models (ESMs), high-resolution models, and observations are key tools for improving our understanding of the natural and human-influenced atmospheric processes affecting Earth’s climate. Despite recent scientific advances, models still contain biases arising from knowledge gaps and imperfect parameterizations of important physical and chemical atmospheric processes. While the impacts of these biases are multifaceted, much of the uncertainty has been attributed to short-lived climate forcers, such as aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) processes. Challenges associated with ACI uncertainties can be divided into three broad categories of atmospheric processes associated with 1) the lifecycle of aerosol populations, 2) the lifecycle of cloud populations, and 3) land–atmosphere coupling. An important complicating factor is that ACI processes depend on the interaction of aerosol and cloud populations that are often highly variable in space and time.

Objectives: Our long-term vision, established in FY 2018, is to transform our understanding of climate-relevant processes and provide more robust model representations of the climate system through the integration of new knowledge on cloud and aerosol populations, and their interactions with each other and the Earth’s surface. Three overarching science questions guide this vision:

  • Q.1 How does the land surface interact with cloud and aerosol processes, and how are these interactions manifested in the climate system?
  • Q.2 What are the key factors that control transitions in cloud populations, and how are these transitions affected by interactions with evolving aerosol, meteorological, and precipitation conditions?
  • Q.3 What are the key processes that control the evolving composition and size distribution of aerosols and consequently the variability of aerosol microphysical, optical, and cloud-nucleating properties?

The proposed research is organized into three Research Elements corresponding to Q.1–Q.3, targeting key processes that are poorly represented or neglected by ESMs. They are also inherently interconnected over multiple spatiotemporal scales and therefore must be addressed in an integrated way to advance process-level understanding and model parameterizations. While the Research Elements are interconnected and inform one another, the effects of land–atmosphere coupling and clouds on aerosol populations are separated out as cross-cutting interdisciplinary activities because they require substantial dedicated collaborations between the Research Elements.

Research Element 1 focuses on natural processes and anthropogenic perturbations associated with feedbacks and vertical exchanges of heat, moisture, momentum, and aerosols within the boundary layer that also influence the lifecycle of shallow convective clouds. We are currently expanding anthropogenic perturbations from irrigation to include urbanization effects

Research Element 2 focuses on the initiation, growth, organization, and properties of cloud populations including their multi-scale thermodynamic and dynamic interactions with environmental conditions in which they are embedded. In addition to research on convective cloud populations over land, we are currently expanding this research to include marine stratocumulus.

Research Element 3 focuses on secondary organic aerosols from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors, their mixing state with other constituents, and their cloud-nucleating properties.

Cross-cutting activities currently focus on the effects of land–atmosphere coupling and clouds on aerosols which will integrate findings of Research Elements 1 – 3. In this way, we will obtain a deeper and more robust understanding of the interrelationships among land–atmosphere coupling, cloud populations, and carbonaceous aerosols that ultimately influence ACI.

Approach

Our approach combines measurements and data discovery with high-resolution multi-scale modeling to advance the fundamental understanding of processes associated with our three overarching science questions. Since many of these processes are subgrid-scale in ESMs or influenced by subgrid-scale effects, it is important to assess their impacts on larger-scale dynamics and thermodynamics that control climate and vice versa.

Measurements and Data Discovery: Our research fundamentally relies on analyses of measurements from long-term Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites (SGP, TWP, ENA), several ARM field campaigns, the LES ARM Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) activity, and laboratory studies using Pacific Northwest National Laboratory’s (PNNL’s) environmental chamber. Cross-cutting activities that consist of interdisciplinary hypotheses focus on GoAmazon, HI-SCALE, and CACTI datasets. We anticipate that measurements from SAIL, TRACER, and EPCAPE and the new long-term ARM AMF deployment in the southeastern U.S. (SEUS) will be useful to address the three overarching science questions in the future once those measurements become available. Analyses of field measurements and modeling needs drive hypothesis-based laboratory experiments in Research Element 3 that focus on investigating secondary organic aerosol formation from anthropogenic and biogenic emission sources. Supplemental non-ARM data will also be necessary, particularly satellite and surface network data that spatially and temporally contextualize detailed ARM long-term site and field campaign measurements.

High-Resolution Multi-Scale Modeling: Multi-scale modeling studies are critical for filling in observational gaps and testing hypotheses based on observational evidence. Many of the processes associated with land–atmosphere coupling, clouds, aerosols, and their interactions occur at small scales and thus a multifaceted approach is needed. Three modeling approaches will be used: (1) large-eddy simulation (LES) configurations to explicitly resolve many boundary-layer and cloud processes using grid spacings of 10–100 meters that leverage LASSO, (2) km-scale simulations to study processes over regional scales and a wide range of atmospheric conditions, and (3) sectional (MOSAIC) and particle-resolved (PartMC- MOSAIC) aerosol box modeling coupled with a cloud parcel model to explicitly resolve detailed aerosol chemistry and mixing state. Where possible, we will take advantage of standard or regional-refined, km-scale E3SM simulations that describe the representation of land–atmosphere coupling, cloud population transitions, and carbonaceous aerosols in relation to observations and our higher-resolution simulations.

Process-Level Understanding: Findings from our analyses of ARM and laboratory data will be coupled with all three modeling approaches and new, complementary novel Lagrangian and machine learning (ML) perspectives to develop an improved understanding of a wide range of atmospheric processes associated with the three overarching questions. This improved understanding is critical to reducing climate prediction uncertainties associated with ACI and the water cycle. By performing in-depth comparisons of measurements and multi-scale model simulations, we will also be able to identify deficient or missing processes, quantify the importance of subgrid-scale processes, and determine the accuracy of process representations in models, helping to inform the development and improvement of next-generation parameterizations and our measurement and modeling activities.

Expected Outcomes: Through a measurements-to-modeling approach that synthesizes ARM measurements, laboratory experiments, multi-scale numerical simulations, and parameterization development, our proposed research will

  1. Elucidate the partitioning of surface fluxes and multi-scale feedbacks between soil moisture, lateral subsurface flow, boundary-layer structure, clouds, precipitation, radiation, and aerosols;
  2. Advance the understanding and model parameterization of processes controlling shallow cloud evolution, deep convection initiation, and organization of cloud populations;
  3. Obtain a more detailed mechanistic understanding and model representation of SOA formation and its mixing state; and
  4. Provide data products and tools derived from ARM and other sources of measurements to the atmospheric community.

Our cross-cutting activities will

  1. Assess the subgrid-scale variability and interrelationships of processes that connect land–atmosphere coupling and cloud populations to sources, sinks, and properties of carbonaceous aerosol that influence the larger-scale aerosol budget and
  2. Obtain a more robust predictive representation of these key climate-relevant processes.

We expect new or improved parameterizations of convective cloud populations and organic aerosol processes to be developed that will be suitable for regional and ESMs, while some observational and modeling analyses will provide the foundation needed to develop parameterizations as part of future research and other projects.

To learn more about this SFA, read this ASR feature story.

Illustration of the primary research priorities and overall approach guiding the ICLASS Science Focus Area.

Related Publications

Fast J, A Varble, F Mei, M Pekour, J Tomlinson, A Zelenyuk, A Sedlacek III, M Zawadowicz, and L Emmons. 2024. "Large spatiotemporal variability in aerosol properties over central Argentina during the CACTI field campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 24(23), 10.5194/acp-24-13477-2024.

Varble A, Z Feng, J Marquis, Z Zhang, A Geiss, J Hardin, and E Jo. 2024. "Updraft Width Modulates Ambient Atmospheric Controls on Convective Cloud Depth." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 129(23), e2024JD041769, 10.1029/2024JD041769.

Tai S, Z Feng, J Marquis, and J Fast. 2024. "Characterizing Wet Season Precipitation in the Central Amazon Using a Mesoscale Convective System Tracking Algorithm." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 129(19), e2024JD041004, 10.1029/2024JD041004.

Dai G, B Yang, D Huang, Z Yang, J Tang, Y Qian, and Y Zhang. 2024. "On the relationship between precipitation extreme and local temperature over eastern China based on convection permitting simulations: roles of different moisture processes and precipitation types." Climate Dynamics, , 10.1007/s00382-024-07467-w.

Fan Y, Z Yang, M Lo, J Hur, and E Im. 2024. "Applying double cropping and interactive irrigation in the North China Plain using WRF4.5." Geoscientific Model Development, 17(18), 10.5194/gmd-17-6929-2024.

Beeler P, J Kumar, J Schwarz, K Adachi, L Fierce, A Perring, J Katich, and R Chakrabarty. 2024. "Light absorption enhancement of black carbon in a pyrocumulonimbus cloud." Nature Communications, 15(1), 6243, 10.1038/s41467-024-50070-0.

Christensen M, P Wu, A Varble, H Xiao, and J Fast. 2024. "Aerosol-induced closure of marine cloud cells: enhanced effects in the presence of precipitation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 24(11), 10.5194/acp-24-6455-2024.

Cornwell G, I Steinke, N Lata, A Zelenyuk, G Kulkarni, M Pekour, R Perkins, E Levin, S China, P DeMott, and S Burrows. 2024. "Enrichment of Phosphates, Lead, and Mixed Soil‐Organic Particles in INPs at the Southern Great Plains Site." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 129(13), e2024JD040826, 10.1029/2024JD040826.

Sinha S, H Sharma, and M Shrivastava. 2024. "Application of advanced causal analyses to identify processes governing secondary organic aerosols." Scientific Reports, 14(1), 10.1038/s41598-024-59887-7.

Vandergrift G, D Dexheimer, D Zhang, Z Cheng, N Lata, M Rogers, M Shrivastava, J Zhang, B Gaudet, F Mei, and S China. 2024. "Tethered balloon system and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Reveal Increased Organonitrates Aloft Compared to the Ground Level." Environmental Science & Technology, , 10.1021/acs.est.4c02090.

Xie Q, E Halpern, J Zhang, M Shrivastava, A Zelenyuk, R Zaveri, and A Laskin. 2024. "Volatility Basis Set Distributions and Viscosity of Organic Aerosol Mixtures: Insights from Chemical Characterization Using Temperature-Programmed Desorption–Direct Analysis in Real-Time High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry, 96(23), 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01003.

Shen C, X Yang, J Thornton, J Shilling, C Bi, G Isaacman-VanWertz, and H Zhang. 2024. "Observation-constrained kinetic modeling of isoprene SOA formation in the atmosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 24(10), 10.5194/acp-24-6153-2024.

Sasaki C, A Rowe, L McMurdie, A Varble, and Z Zhang. 2024. "Influences of the South American Low-Level Jet on the Convective Environment in Central Argentina Using a Convection-Permitting Simulation." Monthly Weather Review, 152(2), 10.1175/MWR-D-23-0122.1.

Zhang J, M Shrivastava, L Ma, W Jiang, C Anastasio, Q Zhang, and A Zelenyuk. 2024. "Modeling Novel Aqueous Particle and Cloud Chemistry Processes of Biomass Burning Phenols and their Potential to Form Secondary Organic Aerosols." Environmental Science & Technology, 58(8), 10.1021/acs.est.3c07762.

Geiss A, M Christensen, A Varble, T Yuan, and H Song. 2024. "Self-Supervised Cloud Classification." Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems, 3(1), 10.1175/AIES-D-23-0036.1. ONLINE.

He Y, B Zhao, S Wang, R Valorso, X Chang, D Yin, B Feng, M Camredon, B Aumont, A Dearden, S Jathar, M Shrivastava, Z Jiang, C Cappa, L Yee, J Seinfeld, J Hao, and N Donahue. 2024. "Formation of secondary organic aerosol from wildfire emissions enhanced by long-time ageing." Nature Geoscience, , 10.1038/s41561-023-01355-4.

Chen J, S Hagos, H Xiao, J Fast, C Lu, A Varble, Z Feng, and J Sun. 2023. "The Effects of Shallow Cumulus Cloud Shape on Interactions Among Clouds and Mixing With Near‐Cloud Environments." Geophysical Research Letters, 50(24), e2023GL106334, 10.1029/2023GL106334.

Varble A, A Igel, H Morrison, W Grabowski, and Z Lebo. 2023. "Opinion: A critical evaluation of the evidence for aerosol invigoration of deep convection." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 23(21), 10.5194/acp-23-13791-2023.

Dominguez F, R Rasmussen, C Liu, K Ikeda, A Prein, A Varble, P Arias, J Bacmeister, M Bettolli, P Callaghan, L Carvalho, C Castro, F Chen, D Chug, K Chun, A Dai, L Danaila, R Rocha, E Nascimento, E Dougherty, J Dudhia, T Eidhammer, Z Feng, L Fita, R Fu, J Giles, H Gilmour, K Halladay, Y Huang, A Wong, M Lagos-Zúñiga, C Jones, J Llamocca, M Llopart, J Martinez, J Martinez, J Minder, M Morrison, Z Moon, Y Mu, R Neale, K Ocasio, S Pal, E Potter, G Poveda, F Puhales, K Rasmussen, A Rehbein, R Rios-Berrios, C Risanto, A Rosales, L Scaff, A Seimon, M Somos-Valenzuela, Y Tian, P van Oevelen, D Veloso-Aguila, L Xue, and T Schneider. 2023. "Advancing South American Water and Climate Science Through Multi-Decadal Convection-Permitting Modeling." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, , 10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0226.1. ONLINE.

Manshausen P, D Watson-Parris, M Christensen, J Jalkanen, and P Stier. 2023. "Rapid saturation of cloud water adjustments to shipping emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 23(19), 10.5194/acp-23-12545-2023.

Lu C, L Zhu, Y Liu, F Mei, J Fast, M Pekour, S Luo, X Xu, X He, J Li, and S Gao. 2023. "Observational study of relationships between entrainment rate, homogeneity of mixing, and cloud droplet relative dispersion." Atmospheric Research, 293, 106900, 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106900.

Chen Y, R Zaveri, G Vandergrift, Z Cheng, S China, A Zelenyuk, and J Shilling. 2023. "Nonequilibrium Behavior in Isoprene Secondary Organic Aerosol." Environmental Science & Technology, 57(38), 10.1021/acs.est.3c03532.

Hagos S, Z Feng, S Tai, and J Chen. 2023. "Regional variability in the environmental controls of precipitation regimes in the tropics." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128(18), e2023JD038927, 10.1029/2023JD038927.

Cornwell G, C McCluskey, T Hill, E Levin, N Rothfuss, S Tai, M Petters, P DeMott, S Kreidenweis, K Prather, and S Burrows. 2023. "Bioaerosols are the dominant source of warm-temperature immersion-mode INPs and drive uncertainties in INP predictability." Science Advances, 9(37), 10.1126/sciadv.adg3715.

Zhang C, S Hai, Y Gao, Y Wang, S Zhang, L Sheng, B Zhao, S Wang, J Jiang, X Huang, X Shen, J Sun, A Lupascu, M Shrivastava, J Fast, W Cheng, X Guo, M Chu, N Ma, J Hong, Q Wang, X Yao, and H Gao. 2023. "Substantially positive contributions of new particle formation to cloud condensation nuclei under low supersaturation in China based on numerical model improvements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 23(18), 10.5194/acp-23-10713-2023.

Xiao H, M Ovchinnikov, L Berg, and J Mülmenstädt. 2023. "Evaluating Shallow Convection Parameterization Assumptions with a qt-w Quadrant Analysis." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 15(8), s2022MS003526, 10.1029/2022MS003526.

Feldman D, A Aiken, W Boos, R Carroll, V Chandrasekar, S Collis, J Creamean, G de Boer, J Deems, P DeMott, J Fan, A Flores, D Gochis, M Grover, T Hill, A Hodshire, E Hulm, C Hume, R Jackson, F Junyent, A Kennedy, M Kumjian, E Levin, J Lundquist, J O’Brien, M Raleigh, J Reithel, A Rhoades, K Rittger, W Rudisill, Z Sherman, E Siirila-Woodburn, S Skiles, J Smith, R Sullivan, A Theisen, M Tuftedal, A Varble, A Wiedlea, S Wielandt, K Williams, and Z Xu. 2023. "The Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) Campaign." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 104(12), 10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0049.1.

Sanchez K, D Painemal, M Brown, E Crosbie, F Gallo, J Hair, C Hostetler, C Jordan, C Robinson, A Scarino, T Shingler, M Shook, K Thornhill, E Wiggins, E Winstead, L Ziemba, S Chambers, A Williams, R Humphries, M Keywood, J Ward, L Cravigan, I McRobert, C Flynn, G Kulkarni, L Russell, G Roberts, G McFarquhar, A Nenes, S Woods, J Reid, J Small-Griswold, S Brooks, S Kirschler, C Voigt, J Wang, D Delene, P Quinn, and R Moore. 2023. "Multi-campaign ship and aircraft observations of marine cloud condensation nuclei and droplet concentrations." Scientific Data, 10(1), 10.1038/s41597-023-02372-z.

Wang J, J Wang, R Cai, C Liu, J Jiang, W Nie, J Wang, N Moteki, R Zaveri, X Huang, N Ma, G Chen, Z Wang, Y Jin, J Cai, Y Zhang, X Chi, B Holanda, J Xing, T Liu, X Qi, Q Wang, C Pöhlker, H Su, Y Cheng, S Wang, J Hao, M Andreae, and A Ding. 2023. "Unified theoretical framework for black carbon mixing state allows greater accuracy of climate effect estimation." Nature Communications, 14(1), 10.1038/s41467-023-38330-x.

Lou S, M Shrivastava, A Ding, R Easter, J Fast, P Rasch, H Shen, S Massey Simonich, S Smith, S Tao, and A Zelenyuk. 2023. "Shift in Peaks of PAH‐Associated Health Risks From East Asia to South Asia and Africa in the Future." Earth's Future, 11(6), 10.1029/2022EF003185.

Reyes-Villegas E, D Lowe, J Johnson, K Carslaw, E Darbyshire, M Flynn, J Allan, H Coe, Y Chen, O Wild, S Archer-Nicholls, A Archibald, S Singh, M Shrivastava, R Zaveri, V Singh, G Beig, R Sokhi, and G McFiggans. 2023. "Simulating organic aerosol in Delhi with WRF-Chem using the volatility-basis-set approach: exploring model uncertainty with a Gaussian process emulator." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 23(10), 10.5194/acp-23-5763-2023.

Feng Z, J Hardin, H Barnes, J Li, L Leung, A Varble, and Z Zhang. 2023. "PyFLEXTRKR: a flexible feature tracking Python software for convective cloud analysis." Geoscientific Model Development, 16(10), 10.5194/gmd-16-2753-2023.

Marquis J, Z Feng, A Varble, T Nelson, A Houston, J Peters, J Mulholland, and J Hardin. 2023. "Near-Cloud Atmospheric Ingredients for Deep Convection Initiation." Monthly Weather Review, 151(5), 10.1175/MWR-D-22-0243.1.

Yang Z, A Varble, L Berg, Y Qian, S Tai, J Chen, W Gustafson, Z Feng, and Y Liu. 2023. "Sensitivity of Precipitation Displacement of a Simulated MCS to Changes in Land Surface Conditions." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, , e2022JD037642, 10.1029/2022JD037642.

Chen J, S Hagos, H Xiao, J Fast, and Z Feng. 2023. "Multiscale Analysis of Surface Heterogeneity–Induced Convection on Isentropic Coordinates." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 80(4), 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0198.1.

Jo E and S Lasher-Trapp. 2023. "Entrainment in a Simulated Supercell Thunderstorm. Part III: The Influence of Decreased Environmental Humidity and General Effects upon Precipitation Efficiency." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 80(4), 10.1175/JAS-D-22-0168.1.

Rasool Q, M Shrivastava, Y Liu, B Gaudet, and B Zhao. 2023. "Modeling the Impact of the Organic Aerosol Phase State on Multiphase OH Reactive Uptake Kinetics and the Resultant Heterogeneous Oxidation Timescale of Organic Aerosol in the Amazon Rainforest." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 7(5), 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00366.

Kukulies J, H Lai, J Curio, Z Feng, C Lin, P Li, T Ou, S Sugimoto, and D Chen. 2023. "Mesoscale convective systems in the third pole region: Characteristics, mechanisms and impact on precipitation." Frontiers in Earth Science, 11, 10.3389/feart.2023.1143380.

Öktem R, D Romps, and A Varble. 2023. "No warm-phase invigoration of convection detected during GoAmazon." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, , 10.1175/JAS-D-22-0241.1. ONLINE.

Chen J, S Hagos, Z Feng, J Fast, and H Xiao. 2023. "The Role of Cloud–Cloud Interactions in the Life Cycle of Shallow Cumulus Clouds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 80(3), 10.1175/JAS-D-22-0004.1.

Zhang J, M Shrivastava, A Zelenyuk, R Zaveri, J Surratt, M Riva, D Bell, and M Glasius. 2023. "Observationally Constrained Modeling of the Reactive Uptake of Isoprene-Derived Epoxydiols under Elevated Relative Humidity and Varying Acidity of Seed Aerosol Conditions." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 7(4), 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00358.

Humphries R, M Keywood, J Ward, J Harnwell, S Alexander, A Klekociuk, K Hara, I McRobert, A Protat, J Alroe, L Cravigan, B Miljevic, Z Ristovski, R Schofield, S Wilson, C Flynn, G Kulkarni, G Mace, G McFarquhar, S Chambers, A Williams, and A Griffiths. 2023. "Measurement report: Understanding the seasonal cycle of Southern Ocean aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 23(6), 10.5194/acp-23-3749-2023.

Kulkarni G, F Mei, J Shilling, J Wang, R Reveggino, C Flynn, A Zelenyuk, and J Fast. 2023. "Cloud Condensation Nuclei Closure Study Using Airborne Measurements over the Southern Great Plains." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128(5), e2022JD037964, 10.1029/2022JD037964.

O’Donnell S, A Akherati, Y He, A Hodshire, J Shilling, C Kuang, J Fast, F Mei, Siegfried Schobesberger7, J Thornton, J Smith, S Jathar, and J Pierce. 2023. "Look Up: Probing the Vertical Profile of New Particle Formation and Growth in the Planetary Boundary Layer with Models and Observations." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128(3), e2022JD037525, 10.1029/2022JD037525.

Schobesberger S, E D'Ambro, L Vettikkat, B Lee, Q Peng, D Bell, J Shilling, M Shrivastava, M Pekour, J Fast, and J Thornton. 2023. "Airborne flux measurements of ammonia over the southern Great Plains using chemical ionization mass spectrometry." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 16(2), 10.5194/amt-16-247-2023.

Saliba G, D Bell, K Suski, J Fast, D Imre, G Kulkarni, F Mei, J Mülmenstädt, M Pekour, J Shilling, J Tomlinson, A Varble, J Wang, J Thornton, and A Zelenyuk. 2023. "Aircraft measurements of single particle size and composition reveal aerosol size and mixing state dictate their activation into cloud droplets." Environmental Science: Atmospheres, , 10.1039/D3EA00052D.

Vandergrift G, N Lata, S Mathai, A Ijaz, Z Cheng, M Shrivastava, J Zhang, A Md Shawon, G Kulkarni, L Mazzoleni, W Kew, and S China. 2023. "Case study evaluation of size-resolved molecular composition and phase state of carbonaceous particles in wildfire influenced smoke from the Pacific Northwest." Environmental Science: Atmospheres, 3(9), 10.1039/D3EA00058C.

Zhao B, J Fast, M Shrivastava, N Donahue, Y Gao, J Shilling, Y Liu, R Zaveri, B Gaudet, S Wang, J Wang, Z Li, and J Fan. 2022. "Formation Process of Particles and Cloud Condensation Nuclei Over the Amazon Rainforest: The Role of Local and Remote New‐Particle Formation." Geophysical Research Letters, 49(22), e2022GL100940, 10.1029/2022GL100940.

Li Y, R Xu, K Yang, Y Liu, S Wang, S Zhou, Z Yang, X Feng, C He, Z Xu, and W Zhao. 2022. "Contribution of Tibetan Plateau ecosystems to local and remote precipitation through moisture recycling." Global Change Biology, 29, 10.1111/gcb.16495.

Chu C, J Zhai, Y Han, J Ye, R Zaveri, S Martin, and H Hung. 2022. "New Particle Formation and Growth Dynamics for α-Pinene Ozonolysis in a Smog Chamber and Implications for Ambient Environments." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 6(12), 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00161.

Yabra M, M Nicolini, P Borque, Y Skabar, and P Salio. 2022. "Observational study of the South American low-level jet during the SALLJEX." International Journal of Climatology, 42(16), 10.1002/joc.7857.

Fast J, D Bell, G Kulkarni, J Liu, F Mei, G Saliba, J Shilling, K Suski, J Tomlinson, J Wang, R Zaveri, and A Zelenyuk. 2022. "Using aircraft measurements to characterize subgrid-scale variability of aerosol properties near the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 22(17), 10.5194/acp-22-11217-2022.

Chand D, L Berg, J Tagestad, B Putzenlechner, Z Yang, S Tai, and J Fast. 2022. "Fine scale variability in Green Vegetation Fraction Over the Southern Great Plains using Sentinel-2 satellite: A case study." Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 27, 10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100799.

Borque P, A Varble, and J Hardin. 2022. "Peak Rain Rate Sensitivity to Observed Cloud Condensation Nuclei and Turbulence in Continental Warm Shallow Clouds During CACTI." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, , e2022JD036864, 10.1029/2022JD036864.

Liu J, E D’Ambro, B Lee, S Schobesberger, D Bell, R Zaveri, A Zelenyuk, J Thornton, and J Shilling. 2022. "Monoterpene Photooxidation in a Continuous-Flow Chamber: SOA Yields and Impacts of Oxidants, NOx, , and VOC Precursors." Environmental Science & Technology, 56(17), 10.1021/acs.est.2c02630.

Ruan X, C Zhao, R Zaveri, P He, X Wang, J Shao, and L Geng. 2022. "Simulations of aerosol pH in China using WRF-Chem (v4.0): sensitivities of aerosol pH and its temporal variations during haze episodes." Geoscientific Model Development, 15(15), 10.5194/gmd-15-6143-2022.

Mei F, M Pekour, D Dexheimer, G de Boer, R Cook, J Tomlinson, B Schmid, L Goldberger, R Newsom, and J Fast. 2022. "Observational data from uncrewed systems over Southern Great Plains." Earth System Science Data, 14(7), 10.5194/essd-14-3423-2022.

Chug D, F Dominguez, and Z Yang. 2022. "The Amazon and La Plata River Basins as Moisture Sources of South America: Climatology and Intraseasonal Variability." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 127(12), e2021JD035455, 10.1029/2021JD035455.

Peters J, H Morrison, T Nelson, J Marquis, J Mulholland, and C Nowotarski. 2022. "The Influence of Shear on Deep Convection Initiation. Part I: Theory." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 79(6), 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0145.1.

Peters J, H Morrison, T Nelson, J Marquis, J Mulholland, and C Nowotarski. 2022. "The Influence of Shear on Deep Convection Initiation. Part II: Simulations." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 79(6), 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0144.1.

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Shilling J, M Pekour, E Fortner, P Artaxo, S de Sá, J Hubbe, K Longo, L Machado, S Martin, S Springston, J Tomlinson, and J Wang. 2018. "Aircraft observations of the chemical composition and aging of aerosol in the Manaus urban plume during GoAmazon 2014/5." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(14), 10.5194/acp-18-10773-2018.

Xing L, M Shrivastava, T Fu, P Roldin, Y Qian, L Xu, N Ng, J Shilling, A Zelenyuk, and C Cappa. 2018. " Parameterized Yields of Semivolatile Products from Isoprene Oxidation under Different NO Levels: Impacts of Chemical Aging and Wall-Loss of Reactive Gases ." Environmental Science & Technology, 52(16), 10.1021/acs.est.8b00373.

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Kassianov E, L Berg, M Pekour, J Barnard, D Chand, J Comstock, C Flynn, A Sedlacek, J Shilling, H Telg, J Tomlinson, A Zelenyuk, and J Fast. 2018. "A Closure Study of Total Scattering Using Airborne In Situ Measurements from the Winter Phase of TCAP." Atmosphere, 9(6), 228, 10.3390/atmos9060228.

Girotto G, S China, J Bhandari, K Gorkowski, B Scarnato, T Capek, A Marinoni, D Veghte, G Kulkarni, A Aiken, M Dubey, and C Mazzoleni. 2018. "Fractal-like Tar Ball Aggregates from Wildfire Smoke." Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 5(6), 10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00229.

Bela M, M Barth, O Toon, A Fried, C Ziegler, K Cummings, Y Li, K Pickering, C Homeyer, H Morrison, Q Yang, R Mecikalski, L Carey, M Biggerstaff, D Betten, and A Alford. 2018. "Effects of scavenging, entrainment, and aqueous chemistry on peroxides and formaldehyde in deep convective outflow over the central and Southeast U.S." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123(14), 10.1029/2018JD028271.

Machado L, A Calheiros, T Biscaro, S Giangrande, M Silva Dias, M Cecchini, R Albrecht, M Andreae, W Araujo, P Artaxo, S Borrmann, R Braga, C Burleyson, C Eichholz, J Fan, Z Feng, G Fisch, M Jensen, S Martin, U Pöschl, C Pöhlker, M Pöhlker, J Ribaud, D Rosenfeld, J Saraiva, C Schumacher, R Thalman, D Walter, and M Wendisch. 2018. "Overview: Precipitation characteristics and sensitivities to environmental conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(9), 10.5194/acp-18-6461-2018.

Burleyson C, S Hagos, Z Feng, B Kerns, and D Kim. 2018. "Large-Scale Environmental Characteristics of MJOs that Strengthen and Weaken Over the Maritime Continent." Journal of Climate, 31(14), 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0576.1.

Atkinson D, M Pekour, D Chand, J Radney, K Kolesar, Q Zhang, A Setyan, NT O'Neill, and C Cappa. 2018. "Using spectral methods to obtain particle size information from optical data: applications to measurements from CARES 2010." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(8), 10.5194/acp-18-5499-2018.

Zagrodnik J, L McMurdie, and R Houze. 2018. "Stratiform Precipitation Processes in Cyclones Passing over a Coastal Mountain Range." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 75(3), 10.1175/JAS-D-17-0168.1.

Morcrette C, K Van Weverberg, H Ma, M Ahlgrimm, E Bazile, L Berg, A Cheng, F Cheruy, J Cole, R Forbes, W Gustafson, M Huang, W Lee, Y Liu, L Mellul, W Merryfield, Y Qian, R Roehrig, Y Wang, S Xie, K Xu, C Zhang, S Klein, and J Petch. 2018. "Introduction to CAUSES: Description of Weather and Climate Models and Their Near-Surface Temperature Errors in 5 day Hindcasts Near the Southern Great Plains." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123(5), doi:10.1002/2017JD027199.

Ma H, S Klein, S Xie, C Zhang, S Tang, Q Tang, C Morcrette, K Van Weverberg, J Petch, M Ahlgrimm, L Berg, F Cheruy, J Cole, R Forbes, W Gustafson, M Huang, Y Liu, W Merryfield, Y Qian, R Roehrig, and Y Wang. 2018. "CAUSES: On the Role of Surface Energy Budget Errors to the Warm Surface Air Temperature Error over the Central United States." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123(5), 10.1002/2017JD027194.

Stamnes S, C Hostetler, R Ferrare, S Burton, X Liu, J Hair, Y Hu, A Wasilewski, W Martin, B van Diedenhoven, J Chowdhary, I Cetinić, L Berg, K Stamnes, and B Cairns. 2018. "Simultaneous polarimeter retrievals of microphysical aerosol and ocean color parameters from the “MAPP” algorithm with comparison to high-spectral-resolution lidar aerosol and ocean products." Applied Optics, 57(10), 10.1364/AO.57.002394.

Kulkarni G. 2018. "Immersion Freezing of Total Ambient Aerosols and Ice Residuals." Atmosphere, 9(2), 10.3390/atmos9020055.

Van Weverberg K, C Morcrette, J Petch, S Klein, H Ma, C Zhang, S Xie, Q Tang, W Gustafson Jr, Y Qian, L Berg, Y Liu, M Huang, M Ahlgrimm, R Forbes, E Bazile, R Roehrig, J Cole, W Merryfield, W Lee, F Cheruy, L Mellul, Y Wang, K Johnson, and M Thieman. 2018. "CAUSES: Attribution of Surface Radiation Biases in NWP and Climate Models near the U.S. Southern Great Plains." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 123(7), 10.1002/2017JD027188.

Hagos S, Z Feng, R Plant, R Houze, and H Xiao. 2018. "A Stochastic Framework for Modeling the Population Dynamics of Convective Clouds." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 10(2), 10.1002/2017MS001214.

Fan J, D Rosenfeld, Y Zhang, S Giangrande, Z Li, L Machado, S Martin, Y Yang, J Wang, P Artaxo, H Barbosa, R Braga, J Comstock, Z Feng, W Gao, H Gomes, F Mei, C Pöhlker, M Pöhlker, U Pöschl, and R de Souza. 2018. "Substantial convection and precipitation enhancements by ultrafine aerosol particles." Science, 359(6374), 10.1126/science.aan8461.

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Wang X, C Heald, J Liu, R Weber, P Campuzano-Jost, J Jimenez, J Schwarz, and A Perring. 2018. "Exploring the observational constraints on the simulation of brown carbon." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18(2), 10.5194/acp-18-635-2018.

Giangrande S, Z Feng, M Jensen, J Comstock, K Johnson, T Toto, M Wang, C Burleyson, N Bharadwaj, F Mei, L Machado, A Manzi, S Xie, S Tang, M Silva Dias, R de Souza, C Schumacher, and S Martin. 2017. "Cloud characteristics, thermodynamic controls and radiative impacts during the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) experiment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(23), 10.5194/acp-17-14519-2017.

Zaveri R, J Shilling, A Zelenyuk, J Liu, D Bell, E D'Ambro, C Gaston, J Thornton, A Laskin, P Lin, J Wilson, R Easter, J Wang, A Bertram, S Martin, J Seinfeld, and D Worsnop. 2017. "Growth kinetics and size distribution dynamics of viscous secondary organic aerosol." Environmental Science & Technology, 52(3), 10.1021/acs.est.7b04623.

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Gyawali M, W Arnott, R Zaveri, C Song, B Flowers, M Dubey, A Setyan, Q Zhang, S China, C Mazzoleni, K Gorkowski, R Subramanian, and H Moosmüller. 2017. "Evolution of Multispectral Aerosol Absorption Properties in a Biogenically-Influenced Urban Environment during the CARES Campaign." Atmosphere, 8(11), 10.3390/atmos8110217.

Marelle L, J Raut, K Law, L Berg, J Fast, R Easter, M Shrivastava, and J Thomas. 2017. "Improvements to the WRF-Chem 3.5.1 model for quasi-hemispheric simulations of aerosols and ozone in the Arctic." Geoscientific Model Development, 10(10), 10.5194/gmd-10-3661-2017.

Neggers R, A Ackerman, W Angevine, E Bazile, I Beau, P Blossey, I Boutle, C de Bruijn, A Cheng, J van der Dussen, J Fletcher, S Dal Gesso, A Jam, H Kawai, S Cheedela, V Larson, M Lefebvre, A Lock, N Meyer, S de Roode, W de Rooy, I Sandu, H Xiao, and K Xu. 2017. "Single‐Column Model Simulations of Subtropical Marine Boundary‐Layer Cloud Transitions Under Weakening Inversions." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 9(6), 10.1002/2017MS001064.

O'Meara S, D Topping, R Zaveri, and G McFiggans. 2017. "An efficient approach for treating composition-dependent diffusion within organic particles." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(17), 10.5194/acp-17-10477-2017.

Murphy B, M Woody, J Jimenez, A Carlton, P Hayes, S Liu, N Ng, L Russell, A Setyan, L Xu, J Young, R Zaveri, Q Zhang, and H Pye. 2017. "Semivolatile POA and parameterized total combustion SOA in CMAQv5.2: impacts on source strength and partitioning." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(18), 10.5194/acp-17-11107-2017.

Raut J, L Marelle, J Fast, J Thomas, B Weinzierl, K Law, L Berg, A Roiger, R Easter, K Heimerl, T Onishi, J Delanoë, and H Schlager. 2017. "Cross-polar transport and scavenging of Siberian aerosols containing black carbon during the 2012 ACCESS summer campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(18), 10.5194/acp-17-10969-2017.

Fan J, B Han, A Varble, H Morrison, K North, P Kollias, B Chen, X Dong, S Giangrande, A Khain, Y Lin, E Mansell, J Milbrandt, R Stenz, G Thompson, and Y Wang. 2017. "Cloud-resolving model intercomparison of an MC3E squall line case: Part I-Convective updrafts." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122(17), 10.1002/2017JD026622.

Thomas J, C Polashenski, A Soja, L Marelle, K Casey, H Choi, J Raut, C Wiedinmyer, L Emmons, J Fast, J Pelon, K Law, M Flanner, and J Dibb. 2017. "Quantifying black carbon deposition over the Greenland ice sheet from forest fires in Canada." Geophysical Research Letters, 44(15), 10.1002/2017GL073701.

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de Sá S, B Palm, P Campuzano-Jost, D Day, M Newburn, W Hu, G Isaacman-VanWertz, L Yee, R Thalman, J Brito, S Carbone, P Artaxo, A Goldstein, A Manzi, R Souza, F Mei, J Shilling, S Springston, J Wang, J Surratt, M Alexander, J Jimenez, and S Martin. 2017. "Influence of urban pollution on the production of organic particulate matter from isoprene epoxydiols in central Amazonia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(11), 10.5194/acp-17-6611-2017.

Shrivastava M, C Cappa, J Fan, A Goldstein, A Guenther, J Jimenez, C Kuang, A Laskin, S Martin, N Ng, T Petaja, J Pierce, P Rasch, P Roldin, J Seinfeld, J Shilling, J Smith, J Thornton, R Volkamer, J Wang, D Worsnop, R Zaveri, A Zelenyuk, and Q Zhang. 2017. "Recent advances in understanding secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate forcing." Reviews of Geophysics, 55(2), 10.1002/2016RG000540.

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D’Ambro E, K Møller, F Lopez-Hilfiker, S Schobesberger, J Liu, J Shilling, B Lee, H Kjaergaard, and J Thornton. 2017. "Isomerization of Second-Generation Isoprene Peroxy Radicals: Epoxide Formation and Implications for Secondary Organic Aerosol Yields." Environmental Science & Technology, 51(9), 10.1021/acs.est.7b00460.

Kassianov E, M Pekour, C Flynn, L Berg, J Beranek, A Zelenyuk, C Zhao, L Leung, P Ma, L Riihimaki, J Fast, J Barnard, A Hallar, I McCubbin, E Eloranta, A McComiskey, and P Rasch. 2017. "Large Contribution of Coarse Mode to Aerosol Microphysical and Optical Properties: Evidence from Ground-based Observations of a Trans-Pacific Dust Outbreak at a High-Elevation North American Site." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 74(5), 10.1175/JAS-D-16-0256.1.

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Bateman A, Z Gong, T Harder, S de Sá, B Wang, P Castillo, S China, Y Liu, R O'Brien, B Palm, H Shiu, G Cirino, R Thalman, K Adachi, M Alexander, P Artaxo, A Bertram, P Buseck, M Gilles, J Jimenez, A Laskin, A Manzi, A Sedlacek, R Souza, J Wang, R Zaveri, and S Martin. 2017. "Anthropogenic influences on the physical state of submicron particulate matter over a tropical forest." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(3), 10.5194/acp-17-1759-2017.

D'Ambro EL, BH Lee, J Liu, JE Shilling, CJ Gaston, FD Lopez-Hilfiker, S Schobesberger, RA Zaveri, C Mohr, A Lutz, Z Zhang, A Gold, JD Surratt, JC Rivera-Rios, FN Keutsch, and JA Thornton. 2017. "Molecular composition and volatility of isoprene photochemical oxidation secondary organic aerosol under low- and high-NOx conditions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17(1), 10.5194/acp-17-159-2017.

Chandrakar KK, W Cantrell, K Chang, D Ciochetto, D Niedermeier, M Ovchinnikov, RA Shaw, and F Yang. 2017. "Aerosol indirect effect from turbulence-induced broadening of cloud-droplet size distributions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(50), 50, 10.1073/pnas.1612686113.

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Hagos S, C Zhang, Z Feng, CD Burleyson, C De Mott, B Kerns, JJ Benedict, and MN Martini. 2016. "The impact of the diurnal cycle on the propagation of Madden-Julian Oscillation convection across the Maritime Continent." Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 8(4), 10.1002/2016ms000725.

Wood R, MP Jensen, J Wang, CS Bretherton, SM Burrows, AD Del Genio, AM Fridlind, SJ Ghan, VP Ghate, P Kollias, SK Krueger, RL MGraw, MA Miller, D Painemal, LM Russell, SE Yuter, and P Zuidema. 2016. "Planning the Next Decade of Coordinated Research to Better Understand and Simulate Marine Low Clouds." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 97(9), 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0160.1.

Tian J, X Dong, B Xi, J Wang, CR Homeyer, GM McFarquhar, and J Fan. 2016. "Retrievals of ice cloud microphysical properties of deep convective systems using radar measurements." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 121(18), 10.1002/2015jd024686.

Chen D, Z Liu, J Fast, and J Ban. 2016. "Simulations of sulfate–nitrate–ammonium (SNA) aerosols during the extreme haze events over northern China in October 2014." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(16), 10.5194/acp-16-10707-2016.

Hiranuma N, O Möhler, G Kulkarni, M Schnaiter, S vogt, P Vochezer, E Järvinen, R Wagner, DM Bell, J Wilson, A Zelenyuk, and DJ Cziczo. 2016. "Development and characterization of an ice-selecting pumped counterflow virtual impactor (IS-PCVI) to study ice crystal residuals." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9(8), 10.5194/amt-9-3817-2016.

Fast JD, LK Berg, K Zhang, RC Easter, RA Ferrare, JW Hair, CA Hostetler, Y Liu, I Ortega, A Sedlacek III, JE Shilling, M Shrivastava, SR Springston, JM Tomlinson, R Volkamer, J Wilson, RA Zaveri, and A Zelenyuk. 2016. "Model representations of aerosol layers transported from North America over the Atlantic Ocean during the Two-Column Aerosol Project." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 121(16), 10.1002/2016jd025248.

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Heiblum RH, O Altaratz, I Koren, G Feingold, AB Kostinski, AP Khain, M Ovchinnikov, E Fredj, G Dagan, L Pinto, R Yaish, and Q Chen. 2016. "Characterization of cumulus cloud fields using trajectories in the center of gravity versus water mass phase space: 2. Aerosol effects on warm convective clouds." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 121(11), 10.1002/2015jd024193.

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Martin ST, P Artaxo, L Machado, AO Manzi, RA Souza, C Schumacher, J Wang, MO Andreae, HJ Barbosa, J Fan, G Fisch, AH Goldstein, A Guenther, JL Jimenez, U Poschl, MA Silva Dias, J Smith, and M Wendisch. 2016. "Introduction: Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16(8), 10.5194/acp-16-4785-2016.

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China S, G Kulkarni, BV Scarnato, N Sharma, M Pekour, JE Shilling, J Wilson, A Zelenyuk, D Chand, S Liu, AC Aiken, MK Dubey, A Laskin, RA Zaveri, and C Mazzoleni. 2015. "Morphology of diesel soot residuals from supercooled water droplets and ice crystals: implications for optical properties." Environmental Research Letters, 10(11), 10.1088/1748-9326/10/11/114010.

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Lupascu A, R Easter, R Zaveri, M Shrivastava, M Pekour, J Tomlinson, Q Yang, H Matsui, A Hodzic, Q Zhang, and JD Fast. 2015. "Modeling particle nucleation and growth over northern California during the 2010 CARES campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(21), 10.5194/acp-15-12283-2015.

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